丹

See also: 丼 and 开
丹 U+4E39, 丹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39
← 丸
[U+4E38] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 为 →
[U+4E3A]

Translingual

Han character

丹 (radical 3, 丶+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 77440, composition ⿻冂亠)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 80, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 44, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E39

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 丹

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 丹
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j12547

j12548

j12549

Bronze inscriptions

b07719

Small seal script

s03655

Transcribed ancient scripts

L06505

L06506

L06507

L06508

L06509

L06510

L06511

L06512

L06513

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丹 *taːn
旃 *tjan
栴 *tjan

Pronunciation
Note:
  • dang1 - literary;
  • duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).
Rime
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都寒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tan/
Li
Rong		 /tɑn/
Wang
Li		 /tɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dān
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˁan/
English cinnabar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
No. 1980
Phonetic
component		 丹
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 單
Old
Chinese		 /*taːn/

Definitions

丹

  1. cinnabar
  2. refined medical substance
  3. A surname​.

Synonyms
  • 朱砂 (zhūshā, “cinnabar”)

Compounds
Derived terms from 丹

Japanese

Kanji
丹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
  4. improvised medicine
  5. devotion
  6. Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
丹
に
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

丹 (hiragana に, rōmaji ni)

  1. the color red
    Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)
  2. red earth
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
丹
たん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tɑn).

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

Pronunciation

Noun

丹 (hiragana たん, rōmaji tan)

  1. cinnabar
    Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)
  2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
  3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality
    Synonym: 薬 (yaku)
  4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar
Derived terms
  • 丹緑本 (たんろくぼん) (Tanrokubon), 丹緑本 (たんりょくぼん) (Tanryokubon)

Proper noun

丹 (hiragana たん, rōmaji Tan)

  1. a surname

References
  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

丹 • (dan, ran (nan))

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 단, 란 (난) (revised: dan, ran (nan), McCune–Reischauer: tan, ran (nan))
    • Name (hangeul): 붉을, 정성스러울 (revised: bulgeun, jeongseongsureoul, McCune–Reischauer: pulgǔn, jǒngsǒngsǔrǒul)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Vietnamese

Han character

丹 (đơn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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