論

See also: 论
論 U+8AD6, 論
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AD6
← 諕
[U+8AD5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 諗 →
[U+8AD7]

Translingual

Han character

論 (radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人一月 (YROMB), four-corner 08627, composition ⿰言侖)

Derived characters
  • 𡃝, 𫾗, 𬣎, 𫤍, 𫩎

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 1168, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1633, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3988, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AD6

Chinese
trad. 論
simp. 论

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (侖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜦 *ruːls, *run
綸 *kruːn, *ɡ·run
論 *ruːn, *ruːns, *run
崘 *ruːn
掄 *ruːn, *run
菕 *ruːn
惀 *ruːnʔ, *run
睔 *ɡ·ruːnʔ, *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
碖 *ruːnʔ, *ruːns
溣 *ruːns
倫 *run
淪 *run
輪 *run
侖 *run
陯 *run
鯩 *run
棆 *run
踚 *run
耣 *runʔ
錀 *pqʰlun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ruːn, *ruːns, *run) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).

Etymology

Compare Mizo râwn (“to ask advice, to consult, to ask”) [high-tone], Mizo râwn (“to suggest, to advise, to recommend”) [low-tone].

Pronunciation 1
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 論
Mandarin Beijing /luən⁵¹/
Harbin /luən⁵³/
Tianjin /luən⁵³/
Jinan /luẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /luə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /luən⁴²/
Xi'an /lyẽ²⁴/
Xining /lyə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/ ～語
/luŋ¹³/ 言～
Lanzhou /lũn¹³/
Ürümqi /lun²¹³/
Wuhan /nən³⁵/
Chengdu /nən¹³/
/nuən¹³/
Guiyang /len²¹³/
Kunming /luə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /lun⁴⁴/
Hefei /lən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
/lyəŋ¹¹/
/luəŋ⁴⁵/
/lyəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /luŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /lũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ləŋ²³/
Suzhou /lən³¹/
Hangzhou /len²¹³/
Wenzhou /lø³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /luːə/
Xiang Changsha /lən¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /lun⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /løn²²/
Nanning /lɐn²²/
Hong Kong /løn²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /lɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /lɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /luŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lun³³/
Rime
Character 論 論
Reading # 3/3 2/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 魂 (55) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 盧困切 盧昆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /luənH/ /luən/
Pan
Wuyun		 /luonH/ /luon/
Shao
Rongfen		 /luənH/ /luən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lwənH/ /lwən/
Li
Rong		 /luənH/ /luən/
Wang
Li		 /luənH/ /luən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /luənH/ /luən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lùn lún
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 論 論
Reading # 3/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lùn lún
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lwonH › ‹ lwon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˁu[n]-s/ /*[r]ˁu[n]/
English discussion, discourse discuss, examine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 論 論
Reading # 2/3 1/3
No. 8656 8649
Phonetic
component		 侖 侖
Rime
group		 文 文
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 論 論
Old
Chinese		 /*ruːns/ /*ruːn/

Definitions

論

  1. to discuss; to reason; to debate; to argue
  2. to assess; to evaluate; to judge; to weigh
  3. to state; to talk about; to recount
  4. to treat; to regard; to handle
  5. to take into consideration; to consider
  6. according to; on the basis of
  7. discussion; dialogue; discourse
  8. essay; discourse
  9. theory; thesis; system

Compounds
Derived terms from 論

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 論
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力迍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /liuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lʷin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ljuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lwin/
Li
Rong		 /liuĕn/
Wang
Li		 /lĭuĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lún
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 論
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lún
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lwin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]u[n]/
English (in name of Lúnyǔ 論語)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 論
Reading # 3/3
No. 8667
Phonetic
component		 侖
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 淪
Old
Chinese		 /*run/

Definitions

論

  1. † to say directly or to the point
  2. Short for 論語／论语 (Lúnyǔ, “Lunyu; Analects”).
  3. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 論

Japanese

Kanji
論

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. argument, discussion

Readings
  • Go-on: ろん (ron, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ろん (ron, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あげつらう (agetsurau, 論う)

Compounds
Compounds

Noun

論 (hiragana ろん, rōmaji ron)

  1. theory

Korean

Hanja

論 • (ron>non, ryun>yun) (hangeul 론>논, 륜>윤, revised ron>non, yun, McCune–Reischauer ron>non, ryun>yun, Yale lon>non, lyun>yun)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

論: Hán Việt readings: luận[1][2][3]
論: Nôm readings: lọn[1][2][3][4][5], lộn[1][2][3][4][5], lụn[1][2][3][4][5], luồn[1][2][3][5], trọn[1][2][3][5], luận[1][2][5], trộn[1][3][5], chọn[1][3], tròn[2][5], lòn[4][5], dọn[1], rộn[1], soạn[1], giọn[3], lốn[3], gọn[4], lấn[4], lẩn[4]

  1. Hán tự form of luận (“essay”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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