ꜣbw

Egyptian

Etymology 1

From ꜣb (“to tarry, avoid, cease”).

Noun

 m

  1. cessation (+ m: cessation of (something))
Usage notes

This word is usually negated. It is almost exclusively used

  • in the negated phrases

    (nn ꜣbw),
    (nj wnt ꜣbw),

    (nj ḫpr ꜣbw), and in Late Egyptian

    (bn ꜣbw), to mean “unceasing, without end”; or
  • as part of
    (jrj ꜣbw, “to cease”) and its infinitive

    (jrt ꜣbw, “cessation”), themselves often negated with nn, bn, tm, etc.
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
singular ꜣbw
dual ꜣbwwj
plural ꜣbww
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  
ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb ꜣb ꜣb
[New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *leb- (compare Tangale labata, Mukulu ʾelbi).[1]

Likely related to ꜣb (“fingernail”) via the ‘ivory, tusk’ sense.

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʀuːbaw/ → /ˈʀuːbaw/ → /ˈjuːbəʔ/ → /ˈjeːβ/

Noun

 m

  1. elephant [Old Kingdom to New Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
singular ꜣbw
dual ꜣbwwj
plural ꜣbww
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  
ꜣbw

Noun

 m

  1. elephant tusk [Since the Middle Kingdom]
  2. ivory [Since the Middle Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
singular

ꜣbw
dual

ꜣbwwj
plural

ꜣbww
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  

ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb ꜣbw ꜣb
[Greco-Roman Period]
Descendants
  • Demotic: yb
    • → Latin: ebur
      • ⇒ Anglo-Norman: ivurie

Proper noun

 m./f. topo.

  1. Elephantine (modern Aswan)
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  


ꜣbw ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb ꜣbw ꜣb
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  



ꜣbw ꜣbw ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb
[New Kingdom]
Descendants
  • → Aramaic: יב‎
  • → Ancient Greek: Ἰηβ (Iēb)
  • Demotic: yb, ybꜣ, jb, jbꜣ
    • Coptic: ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb)

Etymology 3

Related to ꜣbt (“brand”).

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to brand (cattle or slaves) (+ m or + ḥr: to brand with (a seal or name, etc.)) [since New Kingdom literature]
  2. (transitive) to scorch (the skin)
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣbw (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣbw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜣbw
 ꜣbww, ꜣbw
 ꜣbwt
 ꜣbw
 ꜣbw
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜣbw
 ḥr ꜣbw
 m ꜣbw
 r ꜣbw
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜣbw.n
 ꜣbww, ꜣbw
 consecutive ꜣbw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜣbwt
perfective3 ꜣbw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative ꜣbw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜣbw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜣbw
 ꜣbw
 potentialis ꜣbw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜣbw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜣbw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜣbw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜣbw
 ꜣbw, ꜣbww5, ꜣbwy5
imperfective ꜣbw, ꜣbwy, ꜣbww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜣbw, ꜣbwj6, ꜣbwy6
 ꜣbw, ꜣbww5
prospective ꜣbw, ꜣbwtj7
 — ꜣbwtj4, ꜣbwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  
ꜣbw

Noun

 m

  1. (Late Egyptian) brand, branding iron
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
singular ꜣbw
dual ꜣbwwj
plural ꜣbww
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw  
ꜣb

Noun

 m

  1. (medicine) a substance used medicinally
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
singular ꜣbw
dual ꜣbwwj
plural ꜣbww

References
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 2
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 6.9–6.23, 7.15–7.20, 7.22
  • Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, page 7–9
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 339.
  • Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, page 49
  • Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001) The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago‎, volume Y (01.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, page 7–10
  1. Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*leb-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 1662, page 360
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