-as
Esperanto
Etymology
The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
- This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɒʃ]
Suffix
-as
- (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality".
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.
- (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.
- három (“three”) + -as → hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)
Usage notes
- (all senses) Harmonic variants:
- -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -os is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
- -as is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant
- -es is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ös is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
Derived terms
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Ido
Irish
Alternative forms
- -eas (after palatal consonants)
Etymology
From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.
Declension
Derived terms
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /aːs/
Etymology 1
A declined form of -us (suffix forming adjectives).
Etymology 2
A conjugated form of -ō (suffix forming first-conjugation verbs).
Etymology 3
A declined form of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).
Lithuanian
Suffix
-as m
Derived terms
Middle English
References
- “-ish, (suf.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.
References
- “-esse, (suf.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 June 2018.
Northern Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Samic *-ës.
Suffix
-as
- Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.
- vuoidat (“to smear”) + -as → vuoiddas (“ointment”)
Usage notes
This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.
Inflection
Odd, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -as | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -asa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -as | -asat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -asa | -asiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -asa | -asiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -asii | -asiidda | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -asis | -asiin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -asiin | -asiiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -asin | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Old English
Etymology
Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.
Suffix
-as
- Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.
Suffix
-as m
Derived terms
References
- Rudolf Thurneysen (1940) A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 261
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /as/
Suffix
-as m pers
- masculine noun suffix
Declension
Derived terms
Portuguese
Suffix
-as
- forms the second-person singular present indicative of 1st conjugation verbs
- forms the second-person singular subjunctive present of 2nd and 3rd conjugation verbs
- forms the second-person singular negative imperative of 2nd and 3rd conjugation verbs
- correr (“to run”) + -as → não corras (“don’t run”)
Spanish
Etymology 1
From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.
Etymology 2
From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.
Suffix
-as