-kas

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognate to Finnish -kas.

-kas (genitive -ka, partitive -kat)

1. Derives adjectives from some nouns

   sisu "content" → sisukas "eventful"

   vaim "soul" → vaimukas "funny"

   nali "joke" → naljakas "funny"

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as.

-kas (front vowel harmony variant -käs)

1. -y, -ful; a suffix that can be used to turn many, but not all, nouns into adjectives that indicate abundant presence of the thing expressed by the noun.

   kukka (“flower”) → kukikas (“flower-patterned”)

   raha (“money”) → rahakas (“lucrative”)

   taito (“skill”) → taidokas (“skilful”)

   voima (“power”) → voimakas (“powerful”)

   ääni (“noise”) → äänekäs (“noisy”)

   harteet (“shoulders”) → harteikas (“broad-shouldered”)

2. Forms nouns chacterized by an abundance of the base word.

   asia (“errand, matter”) → asiakas (“customer”)

   ora (“thorn”) → orakas (“hydnoid mushroom”)

3. -ish; a suffix that forms moderative adjectives; rare in standard Finnish.

   kuiva (“dry”) → kuivakas (“dryish”)

4. Forms nouns indicating a concept associated with the base word from nouns or verbs.

   juuri (“root”) → juurikas (“root vegetable”)

   pudota (“to fall”) → pudokas (“fallen object”)

When the suffix is added to the noun, the stem changes in accordance with consonant gradation. The suffix is added to the plural stem on most hame-type nouns and in many cases of other non-mass concrete nouns, e.g. maine → maineikas instead of **maineekas, kukka → kukikas instead of **kukakas.

• -ska, SAK