< Reconstruction:Latin
Reconstruction:Latin/ioco
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This Latin entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Latin
Etymology
From iocor, reformed as an active verb.
Verb
*iocō (present infinitive *iocāre, perfect active *iocāvī, supine *iocātum); first conjugation
- (Vulgar Latin) I play.
Conjugation
Italo-Western Romance conjugation of *iocō
| infinitive | *jǫcárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *jǫcántẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *jǫcándọ | ||||||
| past participle | *jǫcátọ | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *jǫ́cọ | *jǫ́cas | *jǫ́cat | *jǫcámọs | *jǫcátẹs | *jǫ́cant |
| imperfect | *jǫcávã | *jǫcávas | *jǫcávat | *jǫcavámọs | *jǫcavátẹs | *jǫcávant | |
| perfect | *jǫcái | *jǫcásti | *jǫcáút | *jǫcámmọs | *jǫcástẹs | *jǫcárọnt | |
| pluperfect | *jǫcárã | *jǫcáras | *jǫcárat | *jǫcarámọs | *jǫcarátẹs | *jǫcárant | |
| future perfect | *jǫcárẽ | *jǫcárẹs | *jǫcárẹt | *jǫcárẹmọs | *jǫcárẹtẹs | *jǫcárẹnt | |
| future | *jǫcárę áviọ | *jǫcárę ávẹs | *jǫcárę ávęt | *jǫcárę avẹ́mọs | *jǫcárę avẹ́tẹs | *jǫcárę ávęnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *áviọ jǫcátọ | *ávẹs jǫcátọ | *ávęt jǫcátọ | *avẹ́mọs jǫcátọ | *avẹ́tẹs jǫcátọ | *ávęnt jǫcátọ |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã jǫcátọ | *avẹ́vas jǫcátọ | *avẹ́vat jǫcátọ | *avẹvámọ jǫcátọ | *avẹvátẹs jǫcátọ | *avẹ́vant jǫcátọ | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę áviọ jǫcátọ | *avẹ́rę ávẹs jǫcátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęt jǫcátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mọs jǫcátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs jǫcátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęnt jǫcátọ | |
| conditional | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *jǫcárę avẹ́vã | *jǫcárę avẹ́vas | *jǫcárę avẹ́vat | *jǫcárę avẹvámọs | *jǫcárę avẹvátẹs | *jǫcárę avẹ́vant | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *jǫ́cẽ | *jǫ́cẹs | *jǫ́cęt | *jǫcẹ́mọs | *jǫcẹ́tẹs | *jǫ́cęnt | |
| imperfect | *jǫcárẽ | *jǫcárẹs | *jǫcáręt | *jǫcarẹ́mọs | *jǫcarẹ́tẹs | *jǫcáręnt | |
| pluperfect | *jǫcássẽ | *jǫcássẹs | *jǫcássęt | *jǫcassẹ́mọs | *jǫcassẹ́tẹs | *jǫcássęnt | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| — | second | — | — | second | — | ||
| present | — | *jǫ́ca | — | — | *jǫcátę | — | |
Eastern Romance conjugation of *iocō
| infinitive | *jǫcárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *jǫcántẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *jǫcándo | ||||||
| past participle | *jǫcátu | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *jǫ́co | *jǫ́cas | *jǫ́cat | *jǫcámus | *jǫcátẹs | *jǫ́cant |
| imperfect | *jǫcávã | *jǫcávas | *jǫcávat | *jǫcavámus | *jǫcavátẹs | *jǫcávant | |
| perfect | *jǫcái | *jǫcásti | *jǫcáút | *jǫcámmus | *jǫcástẹs | *jǫcárunt | |
| future perfect | *jǫcárẽ | *jǫcárẹs | *jǫcárẹt | *jǫcárẹmus | *jǫcárẹtẹs | *jǫcárẹnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *ávio jǫcátu | *ávẹs jǫcátu | *ávęt jǫcátu | *avẹ́mus jǫcátu | *avẹ́tẹs jǫcátu | *ávęnt jǫcátu |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã jǫcátu | *avẹ́vas jǫcátu | *avẹ́vat jǫcátu | *avẹvámu jǫcátu | *avẹvátẹs jǫcátu | *avẹ́vant jǫcátu | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę ávio jǫcátu | *avẹ́rę ávẹs jǫcátu | *avẹ́rę ávęt jǫcátu | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mus jǫcátu | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs jǫcátu | *avẹ́rę ávęnt jǫcátu | |
| future | *vǫ́lio jǫcárę | *vę́lẹs jǫcárę | *vǫ́lęt jǫcárę | *vǫlẹ́mus jǫcárę | *vǫlẹ́tẹs jǫcárę | *vǫ́lẹnt jǫcárę | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *jǫ́cẽ | *jǫ́cẹs | *jǫ́cęt | *jǫcẹ́mus | *jǫcẹ́tẹs | *jǫ́cęnt | |
| pluperfect | *jǫcássẽ | *jǫcássẹs | *jǫcássęt | *jǫcassẹ́mus | *jǫcassẹ́tẹs | *jǫcássęnt | |
Sardinian conjugation of *iocō
| infinitive | *jǫcárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *jǫcántis | ||||||
| gerund | *jǫcándo | ||||||
| past participle | *jǫcátu | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *jǫ́co | *jǫ́cas | *jǫ́cat | *jǫcámus | *jǫcátis | *jǫ́cant |
| imperfect | *jǫcávã | *jǫcávas | *jǫcávat | *jǫcavámus | *jǫcavátis | *jǫcávant | |
| perfect | *jǫcái | *jǫcásti | *jǫcáút | *jǫcámmus | *jǫcástis | *jǫcárunt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *ávio jǫcátu | *áves jǫcátu | *ávęt jǫcátu | *avémus jǫcátu | *avétis jǫcátu | *ávęnt jǫcátu |
| pluperfect | *avévã jǫcátu | *avévas jǫcátu | *avévat jǫcátu | *avevámu jǫcátu | *avevátis jǫcátu | *avévant jǫcátu | |
| future perfect | *avérę ávio jǫcátu | *avérę áves jǫcátu | *avérę ávęt jǫcátu | *avérę avémus jǫcátu | *avérę avétis jǫcátu | *avérę ávęnt jǫcátu | |
| future | *ávio ád jǫcárę | *áves ád jǫcárę | *ávęt ád jǫcárę | *avémus ád jǫcárę | *avétis ád jǫcárę | *ávęnt ád jǫcárę | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *jǫ́cęm | *jǫ́ces | *jǫ́cęt | *jǫcémus | *jǫcétis | *jǫ́cęnt | |
| imperfect | *jǫcáręm | *jǫcáres | *jǫcáręt | *jǫcarémus | *jǫcarétis | *jǫcáręnt | |
Descendants
- Aragonese: chugar
- Aromanian: gioc
- Asturian: xugar
- Corsican: ghjucà
- Franco-Provençal: joyer
- Friulian: zuiâ
- Italian: giocare
- → Interlingua: jocar
- Ladino: jugar
- Neapolitan: jucà
- Old French: joer
- Old Portuguese: jogar
- Old Occitan:
- Romanian: juca, jucare
- Romansch: giugar, giuier, giuver, giovar
- Sardinian: giogae, giogai, giogare, zogare
- Sicilian: jucari
- Spanish: jugar
- Venetian: xugar, zugar, xogar, zogar
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