Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūtanē

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ūt +‎ *-anē.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈuː.tɑ.neː/

Adverb

*ūtanē

from without, outside of

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: ūtan
- Middle English: outen, oute
  - English: outen
Old Frisian: ūta
Old Saxon: ūtan, ūtana
- Middle Low German: ûten
  - Low German: uten
Old Dutch: *ūtan
- Middle Dutch: ūten, ūte
Old High German: ūzan, ūzana
- Middle High German: ūzen
  - German: außen
Old Norse: útan
- Icelandic: utan
- Faroese: uttan
- Norwegian: utan
- Old Swedish: ūtan
  - Swedish: utan
- Old Danish: utan, utæn, uten
  - Danish: uden
- Westrobothnian: uta, utan-, utan
Gothic: 𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 (utana)

The West Germanic languages also extended this form with the preposition *bi.

⇒ Germanic: *biūtą
- Old English: būtan
  - Middle English: bouten, boute, buten, bute
    - English: but
    - Scots: but
- Old Frisian: būta
  - Saterland Frisian: buuten, buute
  - West Frisian: bûten, bûte
- Old Saxon: biūtan, būtan
  - Middle Low German: bûten
    - German Low German: buten
- Old Dutch: *biūtan, *būtan
  - Middle Dutch: bûten
    - Dutch: buiten
- Old High German: biūzan, būzan
  - Middle High German: būzen
    - German: baußen
    - Luxembourgish: baussen

References

Guus Kroonen. The Proto-Germanic N-Stems: A Study in Diachronic Morphophonology. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2011

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[1] Guus Kroonen. The Proto-Germanic N-Stems: A Study in Diachronic Morphophonology. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2011