< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/atjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *atjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *atjō | *atjaų | — | *atjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *atisi | *atjais | *ati | *atjasai | *atjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *atiþi | *atjai | *atjaþau | *atjaþai | *atjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *atjōs | *atjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *atjaþiz | *atjaiþiz | *atjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *atjamaz | *atjaim | — | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *atiþ | *atjaiþ | *atiþ | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *atjanþi | *atjain | *atjanþau | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *atidǭ | *atidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *atidēz | *atidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *atidē | *atidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *atidēdū | *atidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *atidēdudiz | *atidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *atidēdum | *atidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *atidēdud | *atidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *atidēdun | *atidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *atjandz | *atidaz | |||
Descendants
- ⇒ Old Frisian: ūtetta
- ⇒ Old High German: anazzen
- Old Norse: etja
Inflection
Conjugation of *atjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *atjō | *atjaų | — | *atjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *atisi | *atjais | *ati | *atjasai | *atjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *atiþi | *atjai | *atjaþau | *atjaþai | *atjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *atjōs | *atjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *atjaþiz | *atjaiþiz | *atjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *atjamaz | *atjaim | — | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *atiþ | *atjaiþ | *atiþ | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *atjanþi | *atjain | *atjanþau | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *atidǭ | *atidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *atidēz | *atidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *atidē | *atidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *atidēdū | *atidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *atidēdudiz | *atidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *atidēdum | *atidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *atidēdud | *atidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *atidēdun | *atidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *atjandz | *atidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*atjan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 39
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*atjan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 39
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