Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaizaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognate with Old Irish gae (“spear”) (modern Irish ga) and Welsh gwayw.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑi̯.zɑz/

Noun

*gaizaz m

spear, pike, javelin

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *gaizaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gaizaz	gaizōz, gaizōs
vocative	*gaiz	gaizōz, gaizōs
accusative	*gaizą	*gaizanz
genitive	gaizas, gaizis	*gaizǫ̂
dative	*gaizai	*gaizamaz
instrumental	*gaizō	*gaizamiz

Derived terms

*nabōgaizaz

Related terms

*gaisilaz
*gaizô

Descendants

Old English: gār
- Middle English: gar, gare, gere, gore
  - English: gore (dialectal), gar
  - → Middle English: garfysche
    - English: garfish
    - Scots: gairfish
Old Frisian: *gār, gēr
- West Frisian: gear (in compounds)
Old Saxon: gēr
- Westphalian:
  Westmünsterländisch: Geere, Geer
Old Dutch: *gēr
- Middle Dutch: gêer
  - Dutch: geer
Old High German: gēr
- Middle High German: gēr
  - German: Ger
- → Italian: gherone
Old Norse: geirr
- Icelandic: geir
- Norwegian Nynorsk: geir
- Danish: ger
Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (*gais) (preserved in the derived verb 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan))
→ Proto-Finnic:
- Finnish: keihäs
- Karelian: keihäs
→ Finnish: kaira (< Proto-Norse *gaiRaR)

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