gar
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɑː/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɡɑɹ/
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Etymology 1
From Middle English gar, gare, gere, gore, from Old English gār (“spear, dart, javelin, shaft, arrow, weapon, arms”), from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰayso- (“pointed stick, spear”), from *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognate with West Frisian gear, Dutch geer (“pointed weapon, spear”), German Ger (“spear”), Norwegian geir (“spear”), Icelandic geir (“spear”). Related to gore.
Alternative forms
- gore (dialectal)
Etymology 2
Clipping of garfish.
Noun
gar (plural gars)
- (especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.
- (especially Britain, Ireland) A garfish, Belone belone.
Usage notes
- The European species was the original gar, and the North American gars were named after it, with other common names also shared between the two. In modern usage an attempt has been made to restrict "gar" to the North American fish and "garfish" to the European ones, but both names can be found for both types. Context can help: the North American gars are freshwater fish of a very primitive type, while the European gars are saltwater fish known for their green bones and their association with mackerel in folklore.
Translations
Etymology 3
From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gerva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare yare; but also Old Cornish gorra (“put, place, set”).
Verb
gar (third-person singular simple present gars, present participle garring, simple past and past participle gart)
- (now chiefly Britain dialectal) To make, compel (someone to do something); to cause (something to be done). [14th-19th c.]
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:
- I shall firste begyn at Sandwyche, and there I shall go in my shearte, barefoote, and at every ten myles ende I shall founde and gar make an house of religious, of what order that ye woll assygne me [...].
- 1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 15:
- Time gars me tremble. Ah, how sore the baulk! / While Time in pride of strength cloth ever stalk [...].
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:
Basque
Breton
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡɑːr/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.
Mutation
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
German
Etymology
From Old High German garo, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz. Cognate with archaic English yare (“keen, lively, eager”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡaːɐ̯/ (official standard)
- IPA(key): /ɡaː/ (more common)
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aːɐ̯, -aː
Adjective
gar (not comparable)
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist gar | sie ist gar | es ist gar | sie sind gar | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | garer | gare | gares | gare |
genitive | garen | garer | garen | garer | |
dative | garem | garer | garem | garen | |
accusative | garen | gare | gares | gare | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der gare | die gare | das gare | die garen |
genitive | des garen | der garen | des garen | der garen | |
dative | dem garen | der garen | dem garen | den garen | |
accusative | den garen | die gare | das gare | die garen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein garer | eine gare | ein gares | (keine) garen |
genitive | eines garen | einer garen | eines garen | (keiner) garen | |
dative | einem garen | einer garen | einem garen | (keinen) garen | |
accusative | einen garen | eine gare | ein gares | (keine) garen |
Derived terms
Adverb
gar
- at all
- 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 25/2010, page 80:
- Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.
- In the opinion of many economists there should also exist a prohibition for the so-called short sales. In these banks sell shares or currencies that they do not own at all yet or have borrowed at best.
- Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.
- 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 25/2010, page 80:
- (Switzerland, Austria) very, really
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡaɾˠ]
Adjective
gar (genitive singular masculine gair, genitive singular feminine gaire, plural gara, comparative gaire)
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | gar | ghar | gara; ghara² | |
Vocative | ghair | gara | ||
Genitive | gare | gara | gar | |
Dative | gar; ghar¹ |
ghar; ghair (archaic) |
gara; ghara² | |
Comparative | níos gare | |||
Superlative | is gare |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- gar- (“near, close; approximate”)
Noun
Declension
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
gar | ghar | ngar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- "gar" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “1 gar” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Middle English
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoys- (“pointed stick, spear”). Cognate with Old Frisian gēr, Old Saxon gēr, Old High German gēr, Old Norse geirr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɑːr/
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡar/
Declension
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gǫrva, gørva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare English yare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡar/, /ɡɛr/
Scottish Gaelic
Usage notes
- Adds the prefix n- to the following word if it begins with a vowel:
- Cha robh i gar n-ainmeachadh. ― She didn't mention us.
Turkish
Turkmen
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡar/
West Tarangan
Further reading
- Richard J. Nivens, A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan, in Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992, edited by Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig)
- Richard J. Nivens, Borrowing Versus Code-switching in West Tarangan (Indonesia) (2002)
- E. Wattimury, A. Haulussy, J. Pentry, Sintaksis bahasa Tarangan (1995), page 48
Westrobothnian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɑːr/ (example of pronunciation)
- Rhymes: -óːr
Noun
gar
- Yesterday (only used in the adverbial form i gar.)
- i gar-o mårjan / i går óm móran
- yesterday morning
- i gar-o äfta
- yesterday evening
- i gar-o mårjan / i går óm móran