< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxar.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *harmaz (“to harm, pain”).

Verb

*harmijaną

  1. to harm, injure, pain
  2. to shame
Inflection
Conjugation of *harmijaną (weak class 3 in -ja-)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *harmijō*harmijaų———
2nd singular *harmaisi*harmijais*harmai——
3rd singular *harmaiþi*harmijai*harmijaþau——
1st dual *harmijōs*harmijaiw———
2nd dual *harmijaþiz*harmijaiþiz*harmijaþiz——
1st plural *harmijamaz*harmijaim———
2nd plural *harmaiþ*harmijaiþ*harmaiþ——
3rd plural *harmijanþi*harmijain*harmijanþau——
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *harmdǭ*harmdēdį̄
2nd singular *harmdēz*harmdēdīz
3rd singular *harmdē*harmdēdī
1st dual *harmdēdū*harmdēdīw
2nd dual *harmdēdudiz*harmdēdīdiz
1st plural *harmdēdum*harmdēdīm
2nd plural *harmdēdud*harmdēdīd
3rd plural *harmdēdun*harmdēdīn
present past
participles *harmijandz*harmdaz
Descendants
  • Old English: hearmian
  • Old Saxon: hermian
  • Frankish: *harmijan
    • → Old French: hargnier, hergnier (see there for further descendants)
  • Old High German: harmēn
    • Middle High German: harmen, hermen
      • German: härmen
  • Old Norse: hermask
    • Icelandic: hermask
    • Swedish: härmas

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *kerh₂-, *kerh₃- (“to praise (loudly)”).[1]

Verb

*harmijaną

  1. to repeat, relate, report
  2. to mimic, imitate
Inflection
Conjugation of *harmijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *harmijō*harmijaų—*harmijai*?
2nd singular *harmīsi*harmijais*harmī*harmijasai*harmijaisau
3rd singular *harmīþi*harmijai*harmijaþau*harmijaþai*harmijaiþau
1st dual *harmijōs*harmijaiw———
2nd dual *harmijaþiz*harmijaiþiz*harmijaþiz——
1st plural *harmijamaz*harmijaim—*harmijanþai*harmijainþau
2nd plural *harmīþ*harmijaiþ*harmīþ*harmijanþai*harmijainþau
3rd plural *harmijanþi*harmijain*harmijanþau*harmijanþai*harmijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *harmidǭ*harmidēdį̄
2nd singular *harmidēz*harmidēdīz
3rd singular *harmidē*harmidēdī
1st dual *harmidēdū*harmidēdīw
2nd dual *harmidēdudiz*harmidēdīdiz
1st plural *harmidēdum*harmidēdīm
2nd plural *harmidēdud*harmidēdīd
3rd plural *harmidēdun*harmidēdīn
present past
participles *harmijandz*harmidaz
  • *horōjaną
  • *hrōmaz
  • *hrōþiz
  • *hrōþraz
  • *hurjaną
Descendants

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hurjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 259
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