< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haubudą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *káput-. Cognate with Latin caput and Sanskrit कपुच्छल (kapúcchala).

The original form in Germanic was *háfudą (or possibly *habúdą), whereas -b- in the other two forms is the result of Verner's law after a shift in stress onto the following syllable. The secondary -au- of *haubúdą presumably arose by influence from the following stressed -u-.[1] The form haubídą shows variation in the ending possibly also seen in Latin (compare nominative caput vs. genitive capitis, although the genitive is usually thought to descend from *kaputes/-os).

The same root but with an alternate ending also appears in Germanic: Old English hafola (“head”), from *hafulǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kapōlo. The presence of initial -a- in both words (hafudą and hafulǭ) remains unexplained.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑu̯.βu.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*haubudą n

  1. head

Inflection
neuter a-stemDeclension of *haubudą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *haubudą *haubudō
vocative *haubudą *haubudō
accusative *haubudą *haubudō
genitive *haubudas, *haubudis *haubudǫ̂
dative *haubudai *haubudamaz
instrumental *haubudō *haubudamiz

Descendants

From *haubudą:

From *haubidą:

From *hafudą or *habudą:

  • Old English: *hafud (in hafudland (“headland”)
  • Old Norse: hǫfuð
    • Icelandic: höfuð
    • Faroese: høvd
    • Norn: heved
    • Norwegian:
    • Old Swedish: hovuþ
    • Old Danish: houæth
    • Old Gutnish: hafuþ
      • Gutnish: häud, håvud
    • Westrobothnian: hôvu, hævu, hóvu, heeod, höur
    • Elfdalian: ovuð
    • Scanian: huweð

References
  1. Carl Marstrander, Klodvignavet og den germanske dissimilationslov (Oslow: Dybwad, 1925), 25.
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