< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱweyt-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱweyt- [1][2][3]

  1. to shine

Derived terms
  • *ḱwéyt-t ~ *ḱwit-ént (root aorist)[1]
    • Indo-Iranian: *Háćwaytˢt ~ *Háćwitan[4]
      • Indo-Aryan: *Háśwayt ~ *Háświtan
        • Sanskrit: अश्वितन् (áśvitan, “to become bright, white”)
  • *ḱwéyt-ti ~ *ḱwit-énti (athematic root present)
    • Balto-Slavic: *śweistei
      • ⇒ Balto-Slavic: *śweisas
  • *ḱwḗyt-ti ~ *ḱwéyt-n̥ti (Narten-type athematic root present)
    • Balto-Slavic: *śwēistei
      • Lithuanian: šviẽsti (“to shine”)
  • *ḱwéy-né-t-ti ~ *ḱwi-n-t-énti (nasal infix)[1]
    • Balto-Slavic: *świnstei
      • Lithuanian: švìsti (“to shine”)
      • Slavic: [Term?]
        • Serbo-Croatian: svànuti (“to dawn, brighten with daylight”)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ćwaynátˢti ~ *ćwintánti
      • Indo-Aryan: *śwaynátti ~ *świntánti
        • Sanskrit: श्विन्दते (śvindate, “to shine”)
  • *ḱwit-éh₁(ye)-ti ~ *ḱwit-е́h₁(ye)-n̥ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)[1][2]
    • Balto-Slavic: *świtḗˀtei (“to shine”)[5]
      • Latvian: kvitêt (analogical k-[6])
      • Lithuanian: švitė́ti
      • Slavic: *svьtěti[7]
        • Old Church Slavonic: свътѣти (svŭtěti)
  • *ḱweyt-ó-s (“white”)[8][9]
    • Balto-Slavic: *kweitás (analogical k-?)
      • Lithuanian: kvietys, kvieši (“wheat”) (or borrowed from Old Norse[10] or Gothic[11])
      • →? Germanic: *hwaitijaz (“wheat”) (or < *ḱweyd-) (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ćwaytás (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱweyt-ōr ~ ḱwit-nós?[12]
    • Germanic: *hwītaz, *hwittaz (see there for further descendants) (Kroonen assumes Kluge's law in the genitive singular)
  • *ḱwoyt-ó-s[13]
    • Balto-Slavic: *śwaitas[14]
      • Slavic: *světъ (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Slavic: *světiti (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Balto-Slavic: *kwaitas[13] (or perhaps from a unrelated root of *kweyt- (“to bloom”)[2])
      • Slavic: *květъ (“flower”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑ṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page *k̑uei-t- of 628-629
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “śvet”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  5. Derksen, Rick (2015), “švitėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015), “šviesti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456
  7. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*svьtěti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478
  8. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
  9. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “śvetá”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  10. Fraenkel, Ernst (1962-1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I-II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
  11. Balaišis, Vytautas (1994), “Das Problem der gotischen Diphthonge ai, au und die litauischen Lehnwörter kvietỹs „Weizen“, kliẽpas „Laibbrot“”, in Baltistica‎ (in German), volume 4, Vilnius: Vilnius University, DOI:10.15388/baltistica.0.4.798
  12. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hwīta- ~ *hwitta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 267
  13. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kvě̑tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 259-258
  14. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*světъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476
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