< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ken-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ken- [1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. to arise, begin

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*ken-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ken-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ken-</a>

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*ken-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ken-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ken-</a>
  • *ken-e-ti[5]
    • Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)
      • Brythonic: [Term?]
        • ⇒ Old Welsh: (possibly)
      • ⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”) (possibly)
      • Old Irish: cinid
  • *ken-i-Hn-[3]
    • Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH
      • Indo-Aryan: *kanyáH
      • Iranian: *kanyáH
        • Central Iranian:
          • Old Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁‎ (kaniiā, “girl; maiden”), 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬈‎ (kaine) 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬍‎ (kainī, “young woman”)
            • Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬍𐬐𐬁‎ (kainīkā, “young woman”)
        • Northeastern Iranian:
          • Ossetian: чызг (ḱyzg)
          • Sogdo-Bactrian:
            • Bactrian: κισατο (kisato, “youngest”) (<*kasišta <*kanyáH-ištaH)
            • Sogdic:
              • Sogdian: [Term?] (/kan(ā)č(ē)/, “small girl”), [Term?] (/kančīk/, “girl”)
                Manichaean: 𐫐𐫗𐫝‎ (knc), 𐫞𐫗𐫝𐫐‎ (qnck), 𐫞𐫗𐫝𐫝𐫏‎ (qnccy), 𐫐𐫗𐫝𐫏𐫐‎ (kncyk)
                Syriac: ݎܢܨܐݎ‎ (kncʾk), ܩܢܨܩ‎ (qncq)
              • Yagnobi: ғайк (γayk)
        • Northwestern Iranian:
          • Baluchi: کج‎ (kaj), کنشک‎ (kinišk)
          • Kurdish:
            Central Kurdish: کچ‎ (kič), کەنیشک‎ (kanīšk), کیژۆڵە‎ (kīžōła, “small girl, young girl”)
            Northern Kurdish: keç (kač), kîç (kīč), kenîşk (kanīšk)
            Southern Kurdish: کەنیشک‎ (kanīšk), کشکڵە‎ (kiškiła, “young girl”)
          • Medo-Parthian: *kanīka
            • Caspian:
              • Gilaki: کیجا‎ (kīǰā), کيلکا‎ (kīlkā)
              • Mazanderani: کیجا‎ (kīǰā)
            • Old Median:
              • Alviri-Vidari: کنگ‎ (kaneg)
              • Old Tati:
                Old Azari: کینا‎ (kīnā)
                • Karingani: کینا (kīnā)
                • Harzani: کینه (kīna)
              • Talysh: [Term?] (/kəla/)
                Arabic: کله‎
                Latin: kəla
            • Parthian: (/kanīg/), - (/kanīžag/)
              Manichaean: 𐫑𐫗𐫏𐫃‎ (qnyg), 𐫑𐫗𐫏𐫝𐫃‎ (qnycg)
            • Zaza-Gorani:
              • Gurani: کنا‎ (kinā), کناچێ‎ (kināčē)
              • Zazaki: kêna (kēnā), keynek (kaynak)
        • Southwestern Iranian:
          • Middle Persian: (/kanīg/, “girl; maid”), - (/kanīzag/, “small girl; maiden”)
            Manichaean: 𐫐𐫗𐫏𐫃‎ (knyg), 𐫐𐫗𐫏𐫝𐫃‎ (knycg)
            Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (knyk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (knyck')
            Pazend: 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬗𐬀𐬐‎ (kanicak)
            • Classical Persian: کنیزک‎ (kanīzak, “small young maid”), کنیز‎ (kanīz, “small maiden; maidservant”)
              Dari: کنیز‎ (kanīz, “maidservant”)
              Iranian Persian: کنیز‎ (kanīz, “maidservant”)
              Tajik: канӣз (kanīz)
              • → Southern Kurdish: کەنیژ‎ (kanīž, “maidservant”)
  • *ken-t-[3]
    • Italic: *wrekents
  • *ken-ti[2]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • *ken-to-[7]
    • Celtic: *kentus (“first”)
      • ⇒ Celtic: *kentusamonyo- (“May”)
        • Brythonic: [Term?]
          • Old Welsh:
            • Middle Welsh: kintevin
        • Old Irish: cétamain
  • *kn̥-i-[6]
    • Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”)[8] (perhaps)
      • Brythonic: [Term?]
        • Old Breton:
        • Old Welsh:
          • Middle Welsh: cein
      • Old Irish: cain
  • *kn̥-yos[3][6]
    • Hellenic: *kəňňós
  • *ken-di-[9]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: *čędь
  • *ken-do-s[10]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • *kon-os[11]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • *(s)ken- (with s-mobile)[12][13]
    • Armenian: [14] (possibly)
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
    • Celtic: *kanawon- (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)
      • Brythonic: [Term?]
        • Old Breton: ceneuan
          • Middle Breton: kenou
            • Breton: kenow
        • Old Welsh:
          • Middle Welsh: ceneu
      • Old Irish:
    • Indo-Iranian: [Term?]
      • Iranian: [Term?]
        • Wakhi: [script needed] (skən), [script needed] (skön, “puppy”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Albanian: *kenja
    • Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”)[15]
    • Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”)[4] (possibly)
    • Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas
      • Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas
      • Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH
        • Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥‎ (kainin, “young maid; maiden”)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “καινός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*načę̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 345
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “recēns, -ntis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 516
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ginnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 178
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ken-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
  6. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ken-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 351
  7. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kentu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
  8. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kani-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
  9. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čędь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88
  10. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čędo; *čęda; *čędъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88
  11. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*konъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232
  12. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ščenę”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 486
  13. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kanawon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
  14. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “skund”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 582
  15. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kenetlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
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