< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nébʰos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *nebʰ- +‎ *-os.

Noun

*nébʰos n (oblique stem *nébʰes-)

  1. cloud
  2. mist, moisture

Inflection
Athematic, acrostatic
singular
nominative *nébʰos
genitive *nébʰesos
singular dual plural
nominative *nébʰos *nébʰesih₁ *nébʰōs
vocative *nébʰos *nébʰesih₁ *nébʰōs
accusative *nébʰos *nébʰesih₁ *nébʰōs
genitive *nébʰesos *? *nébʰesoHom
ablative *nébʰesos *? *nébʰesmos
dative *nébʰesey *? *nébʰesmos
locative *nébʰes, *nébʰesi *? *nébʰesu
instrumental *nébʰesh₁ *? *nébʰesbʰi

Comment

In a number of derived words the meaning shifts to "sky" or "heaven," as the sky was thought to be the dwelling place of various deities, esp. *dyḗws ph₂tḗr (“sky father”), the chief sky-god.

Descendants
  • Anatolian: *nébos[1] (see there for further descendants)
  • Armenian: > *m̥bʰos
  • Balto-Slavic: *nébas[2][3]
  • Celtic: *nemos (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: *nebulaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *népʰos[4]
  • Indo-Iranian: *nábʰas
    • Indo-Aryan: *nábʰas
    • Iranian: *nábah
      • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬠𐬀‎ (naba)
      • Kurdish: nem (“moisture”)
      • ‌ Middle Persian: nm (nam, “moisture”)
        • Persian: نم‎ (nam, “moisture”)
        • → Old Armenian: *նամ (*nam)
    • Nuristani:
      • Kamviri: [script needed] (niru)
  • Latin: nebula

References
  1. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “nēpiš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 697-699
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nȅbo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 347-348
  3. Derksen, Rick (2015), “debesis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “νέφος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012
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