< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/n̥bʰrós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

*nebʰ- +‎ *-rós

Noun

*n̥bʰrós or *n̥bʰrís m [1]

  1. rain-cloud, with semantic narrowing to rain, cloud

Comment

PIE *n̥bʰrós/*n̥bʰrís "rain-cloud, rain, cloud" is probably a zero-grade derivative of *nebʰ-, the root that also gave *nébʰos. However, that derivative remains a bit problematic because beside clearly matching Sanskrit, Avestan, Latin and Armenian cognates there are formal problems with Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros) with problematic initial ο- and the cluster -μβ- (proper Greek reflex after the expected assimilation of *n to *m to the following labial would be -μφ-), as well as with ἀφρός (aphrós, “foam”), which does formally provide a perfect match, but is usually dropped from consideration due to heavy semantical mismatch (cf. Beekes, Frisk 1960:197 etc.).[2][3]

Descendants
  • Armenian:
  • Celtic:
    • Brythonic:
      • Middle Welsh: Amir, Amyr
  • Indo-Iranian: *abʰrás (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *n̥βros, *əmβros[4]
    • Latin: imber
    • Oscan: 𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌚𐌓𐌝𐌔𐌔 (anafríss)
  • → Samic: *ëprē (see there for further descendants)
  • Tocharian:

References
  1. Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*nebʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 499-504
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄμβρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1075
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀφρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “imber”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 299
  5. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “iprer”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 70
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