Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yugóm

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”).

Noun

*yugóm n (non-ablauting)

yoke

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*yugóm
genitive	*yugósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yugóm	*yugóy(h₁)	*yugéh₂
vocative	*yugóm	*yugóy(h₁)	*yugéh₂
accusative	*yugóm	*yugóy(h₁)	*yugéh₂
genitive	*yugósyo	*?	*yugóoHom
ablative	*yugéad	*?	*yugómos
dative	*yugóey	*?	*yugómos
locative	yugéy, yugóy	*?	*yugóysu
instrumental	*yugóh₁	*?	*yugṓys

Comment

The form *Hyugóm (with laryngeal) is a reconstruction by Rix (1976: 70)

Descendants

Anatolian: [Term?]
- Hittite: 𒄿𒌑𒃷 (iúkan)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լուծ (luc) (l- from լուծանեմ (lucanem, “unharness”))
  - Armenian: լուծ (luc)
Balto-Slavic: *jū́ˀga (see there for further descendants)
Celtic: *yugom (see there for further descendants)
Germanic: *juką (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: *dzugón
- Ancient Greek: ζυγόν (zugón)
- ⇒ (later gender shift) *dzugós
  - Ancient Greek: ζυγός (zugós)
    - Greek: ζυγός (zygós)
  - Ancient Greek: δυγός (dugós)
Indo-Iranian: *yugám (see there for further descendants)
Italic: *jugom (see there for further descendants)
Tocharian: [Term?]
- Tocharian A: yokäm (“door”)

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