< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъvati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”), Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”). Further connections:
- Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
- Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of *rỳti.
Distantly related to English reave etc., from Proto-Germanic *reufaną, from a PIE root extension *Hrewp- of the above root. Not related to English rift etc., from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną, unless the Slavic word is actually a borrowing from Germanic.
Inflection
Conjugation of *rъvati (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *rъvanьje | *rъvati | *rъvatъ | *rъvalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *rъvanъ | *rъvomъ |
| Active | *rъvavъ | *rъvy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rъvaxъ | *rъva | *rъva | *rъvǫ | *rъveši | *rъvetь |
| Dual | *rъvaxově | *rъvasta | *rъvaste | *rъvevě | *rъveta | *rъvete |
| Plural | *rъvaxomъ | *rъvaste | *rъvašę | *rъvemъ | *rъvete | *rъvǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rъvaaxъ | *rъvaaše | *rъvaaše | — | *rъvi | *rъvi |
| Dual | *rъvaaxově | *rъvaašeta | *rъvaašete | *rъvěvě | *rъvěta | — |
| Plural | *rъvaaxomъ | *rъvaašete | *rъvaaxǫ | *rъvěmъ | *rъvěte | — |
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: ръвати (rŭvati) (Serbian)
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “рвать”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 100–101
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “рвать”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rъvàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441: “v. (c) ‘tear’”
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