< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sluga
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *sluti (“to be called”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Cognates include Irish slua, Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude”). The etymon normally refers to a male servant, even though the word itself is an a-stem (typical of feminine gender). The female equivalent is formed via *sluga + *-yni.
Inflection
Declension of *sluga (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sluga | *sludzě | *slugy |
| Accusative | *slugǫ | *sludzě | *slugy |
| Genitive | *slugy | *slugu | *slugъ |
| Locative | *sludzě | *slugu | *slugasъ, *slugaxъ* |
| Dative | *sludzě | *slugama | *slugamъ |
| Instrumental | *slugojǫ, *slugǫ** | *slugama | *slugami |
| Vocative | *slugo | *sludzě | *slugy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *slugyni
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “слуга”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
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