< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xlěbъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Borrowed from a Germanic language, probably Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs) (Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz) which has the root final 𐍆 (f) (phonetically probably [ɸ]) in the nominative, vocative, and accusative singular and 𐌱 (b) (phonetically probably [β]) in the oblique case forms. The fricative was replaced by the labial stop *b since Proto-Slavic did not have labial fricatives. Alternatively it may be from Old High German hleib.
Declension
Declension of *xlě̀bъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xlě̀bъ | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀bi |
| Accusative | *xlě̀bъ | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀by |
| Genitive | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀bu | *xlě̀bъ |
| Locative | *xlě̀bě | *xlě̀bu | *xlě̀bě̄xъ |
| Dative | *xlě̀bu | *xlě̀boma | *xlě̀bomъ |
| Instrumental | *xlě̀bъmь, *xlě̀bomь* | *xlě̀boma | *xlě̀bȳ |
| Vocative | *xlě̀be | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀bi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Usage notes
Scholars do not agree whether *xlěbъ originally referred to leavened or unleavened bread.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff (2013), The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Rodopi: Amsterdam/New York, page 83f
- Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, volume 4, page 219
- Kiparsky, V. (1934), Die gemeinslavischen Lehnwörter aus dem Germanischen, Helsinki, p. 199
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