< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zinǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Rix (LIV), from a nasal-infix form Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-né-h₁- with metathesis from the root *ǵʰeh₁y-, with analogical lengthening of the vowel to *-ī- from the metathesized zero-grade *ǵʰih₁-. Derksen is unconvinced of the nasal-infix explanation, but agrees on the root involved. Cognate with Old Norse gína (“to yap, to yawn”), gina (“to yawn”), gine (“to be wide open”), Old High German ginēn (“to be wide open”). More distantly cognate with Lithuanian žióvauti (“to yawn”), Latvian žàvât (“to yawn”) (East Latvian dialectal, where the sustained and falling tones have merged), Lithuanian žióti (“to open one's mouth”), Latin hiō (“to yawn”).

Verb

*zìnǫti pf

  1. to gape, to open (one's mouth)

Inflection
Conjugation of *zinǫti (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*zinovenьje *zinǫti *zinǫtъ *zinǫlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *zinovenъ —
Active *zinǫvъ —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *zinǫxъ*zinǫ*zinǫ *zinǫ*zineši*zinetь
Dual *zinǫxově*zinǫsta*zinǫste *zinevě*zineta*zinete
Plural *zinǫxomъ*zinǫste*zinǫšę *zinemъ*zinete*zinǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*zini*zini
Dual ——— *ziněvě*ziněta—
Plural ——— *ziněmъ*ziněte—
    Notes:
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
  • *zijati, *zьjati (“to gape, to be wide open”)
  • *zěvati (“to yawn”)

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: зинѫти (zinǫti), 1sg. зинѫ (zinǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: зи́на (zína)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: зи̏нути, 1sg. зи̏не̄м
      Latin: zȉnuti, 1sg. zȉnēm
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): zȉnuti, 2sg. zȉneš
      • Chakavian (Hvar): zȉnuti, 3sg. zȉnen
    • Slovene: zíniti (tonal orthography), 1sg. zȋnem (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: pozinút (“to swallow up”)

References
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “зия́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 325
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zinǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545
  • Žuravljóv, Anatolij, editor (2010), “*orz(ъ)zinǫti (sę)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 36, Moscow: Nauka, page 9
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “g̑ʰeh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 173–174
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