< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ben

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From oblique case of *bẹ-. Often connected to Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”) and Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”).

Pronoun

*ben

I

Postposition

*ben

Denotes "to be" for first person singular when at the end of an object; am
Denotes first person singular after various tenses

Related terms

*biŕ (“we”)

Descendants

Common Turkic
- Karakhanid: مَنْ‎ (men)
- Old Turkic
  - Orkhon: 𐰢𐰤‎‎ (men), 𐰋𐰤‎‎ (ben)
  - Old Uyghur: pʾn (ben), mʾn (men)
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ben), [script needed] (men)
- Arghu
  - Khalaj: [script needed] (män)
- Oghuz
  - Azerbaijani: mən
  - Gagauz: bän
  - Ottoman Turkish: بن‎ (ben), م‎ (-m, -im)
    - Turkish: ben, -im
  - Salar: [script needed] (mēn)
  - Turkmen: men
- Kipchak
  - Cuman: [script needed] (men)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (men)
  - West Kipchak
    - Crimean Tatar: men
    - Karachay-Balkar: мен (men)
    - Kumyk: мен (men)
  - North Kipchak
    - Bashkir: мин (min)
    - Tatar: мин (min)
  - South Kipchak
    - Caspian
      - Kazakh: мен (men)
      - Karakalpak: мен
      - Nogai: мен (men)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak
      - Kyrgyz: мен (men)
      - Southern Altai: мен (men)
- Karluk
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (mén)
    - Uzbek: men
    - Uyghur: مەن‎ (men)
- Siberian
  - North Siberian
    - Dolgan: мин (min)
    - Yakut: мин (min)
  - South Siberian
  - Western Yugur: [script needed] (men)
    - Yenisei Turkic
      - Khakas: мин (min)
      - Shor: мен (men)
    - Sayan Turkic
      - Tofa: мен (men)
      - Tuvan: мен (män)
Oghur
- Chuvash: эпӗ (epĕ)

Further reading

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bĭ̀”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ben”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 346

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