asper

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈæspə/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈæspəɹ/

From Old French aspre (modern âpre), from Latin asper (“rough”).

• aspre

asper (comparative more asper, superlative most asper)

1. Rough or harsh; severe, stern, serious.
   • Francis Bacon

     An asper sound.

asper (uncountable)

1. (phonetics) Rough breathing; a mark (#) indicating that part of a word is aspirated, or pronounced with h before it.

Middle English, from Middle French aspre or Italian aspro, both from Ancient Greek ἄσπρον (áspron), from neuter of ἄσπρος (áspros, “white”), from Latin asper (“rough, newly minted”)

• aspron

asper (plural aspers)

1. (historical) Any one of several small coins, circulated around the eastern Mediterranean area from the 12th to 17th centuries.
   • 1603, John Florio, transl.; Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in The Essayes, […], book I, printed at London: By Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     And for ten Aspers you shall daily finde some amongst them, that will give themselves a deepe gash with a Scimitarie, either in their armes or thighes.

• Earps, Pears, Peras, RESPA, Rapes, Spear, Spera, apers, apres, après, aprés, pares, parse, pears, prase, presa, præs., rapes, reaps, sarpe, spare, spear

Probably from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂esp- (“to cut”), also present in Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís) and Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈas.per/, [ˈas.pɛr]

asper (feminine aspera, neuter asperum); first/second declension

1. rough, uneven, coarse, unrefined, rude, sharp, newly minted

First/second declension, nominative masculine singular in -er.

• asper in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• asper in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• asper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) rough and hilly ground: loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22)
    
• asper in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• asper in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

• pares

asper m or f

1. indefinite plural of asp