cog

See also: COG

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1
Cogwheel showing the teeth (cogs).

From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).

The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.

Noun

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A tooth on a gear.
  2. A gear; a cogwheel.
  3. An unimportant individual in a greater system.
    • 1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables
      ‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’
    • 1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow
      Your boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog.
  4. (carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint.
  5. (mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
Derived terms
  • cog joint
Translations

Verb

cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)

  1. To furnish with a cog or cogs.

Etymology 2

From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.

Noun

cog (plural cogs)

  1. (historical) A ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull.
    • 1485 July 31, Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London]: […] [by William Caxton], OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:
      , Bk.V, Ch.iv:
      As the Kynge was in his cog and lay in his caban, he felle in a slumberyng […].
Translations

Etymology 3

Uncertain origin. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.

Noun

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A trick or deception; a falsehood.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of William Watson to this entry?)
Translations

Verb

cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)

  1. To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat.
  2. To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently.
    • Jonathan Swift
      For guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
  3. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
    • Shakespeare
      I'll […] cog their hearts from them.
  4. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off.
    to cog in a word
    • J. Dennis
      Fustian tragedies […] have, by concerted applauses, been cogged upon the town for masterpieces.
Translations

Etymology 4

From Old English cogge.

Alternative forms

Noun

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A small fishing boat.
  2. Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)

Irish

Etymology

Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).

Verb

cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)

  1. (rare or archaic) to war, wage war

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cogaim cogann tú;
cogair†		 cogann sé, sí cogaimid cogann sibh cogann siad;
cogaid†		 a chogann; a chogas /
a gcogann*; a gcogas*		 cogtar
past chog mé; chogas chog tú; chogais chog sé, sí chogamar; chog muid chog sibh; chogabhair chog siad; chogadar a chog /
ar chog*		 cogadh
past habitual chogainn chogtá chogadh sé, sí chogaimis; chogadh muid chogadh sibh chogaidís; chogadh siad a chogadh /
ar chogadh*		 chogtaí
future cogfaidh mé;
cogfad		 cogfaidh tú;
cogfair†		 cogfaidh sé, sí cogfaimid;
cogfaidh muid		 cogfaidh sibh cogfaidh siad;
cogfaid†		 a chogfaidh; a chogfas /
a gcogfaidh*; a gcogfas*		 cogfar
conditional chogfainn / gcogfainn‡‡ chogfá / gcogfᇇ chogfadh sé, sí / gcogfadh sé, s퇇 chogfaimis; chogfadh muid / gcogfaimis‡‡; gcogfadh muid‡‡ chogfadh sibh / gcogfadh sibh‡‡ chogfaidís; chogfadh siad / gcogfaidís‡‡; gcogfadh siad‡‡ a chogfadh /
ar chogfadh*		 chogfaí / gcogfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcoga mé;
go gcogad†		 go gcoga tú;
go gcogair†		 go gcoga sé, sí go gcogaimid;
go gcoga muid		 go gcoga sibh go gcoga siad;
go gcogaid†		 — go gcogtar
past dá gcogainn dá gcogtá dá gcogadh sé, sí dá gcogaimis;
dá gcogadh muid		 dá gcogadh sibh dá gcogaidís;
dá gcogadh siad		 — dá gcogtaí
imperative cogaim cog cogadh sé, sí cogaimis cogaigí;
cogaidh†		 cogaidís — cogtar
verbal noun cogadh
past participle cogtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cog chog gcog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).

Verb

cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)

  1. fight

Welsh

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /koːɡ/

Noun

cog f (plural cogau)

  1. cuckoo

Usage notes
  • Cog is usually found preceded by the definite article, y gog.

Synonyms
  • (cuckoo): cwcw

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
cog gog nghog chog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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