connaître
French
Etymology
From Old French conoistre, from Latin cognōscere, present active infinitive of cognōscō (probably through a Vulgar Latin *connōscere).
See cognates in regional languages in France : Norman counnaîte, Picard connoète, Bourguignon quenoître, Franco-Provençal cognêtre, Occitan conóisser or conéisser, Corsican cunnosce.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔ.nɛtʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
connaître
- (transitive) to know (of), to be familiar with (a person, place, fact, event)
- (transitive) to know, to experience (glory, hunger, problems etc.)
- (transitive, archaic) to know (sexually)
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be knowledgeable (en about)
- C'est toi qui t'y connais! ― You're the expert! (literally, “It is you who knows!”)
Usage notes
In the sense of "to know something to be true", the verb savoir is used.
Conjugation
This verb is one of a fairly small group of -re verbs, that are all conjugated the same way. They are unlike other verb groups in that the ‘i’ is given a circumflex before a ‘t’.
present participle | connaissant /kɔ.nɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | connu /kɔ.ny/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | connaître | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | connaissant /kɔ.nɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | connais /kɔ.nɛ/ |
connais /kɔ.nɛ/ |
connaît /kɔ.nɛ/ |
connaissons /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ |
connaissez /kɔ.nɛ.se/ |
connaissent /kɔ.nɛs/ |
imperfect | connaissais /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ |
connaissais /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ |
connaissait /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ |
connaissions /kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
connaissiez /kɔ.nɛ.sje/ |
connaissaient /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | connus /kɔ.ny/ |
connus /kɔ.ny/ |
connut /kɔ.ny/ |
connûmes /kɔ.nym/ |
connûtes /kɔ.nyt/ |
connurent /kɔ.nyʁ/ | |
future | connaîtrai /kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ |
connaîtras /kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ |
connaîtra /kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ |
connaîtrons /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ |
connaîtrez /kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ |
connaîtront /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | connaîtrais /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
connaîtrais /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
connaîtrait /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
connaîtrions /kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
connaîtriez /kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.je/ |
connaîtraient /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | connaisse /kɔ.nɛs/ |
connaisses /kɔ.nɛs/ |
connaisse /kɔ.nɛs/ |
connaissions /kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
connaissiez /kɔ.nɛ.sje/ |
connaissent /kɔ.nɛs/ |
imperfect2 | connusse /kɔ.nys/ |
connusses /kɔ.nys/ |
connût /kɔ.ny/ |
connussions /kɔ.ny.sjɔ̃/ |
connussiez /kɔ.ny.sje/ |
connussent /kɔ.nys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | connais /kɔ.nɛ/ |
— | connaissons /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ |
connaissez /kɔ.nɛ.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
This verb is one of a fairly small group of -re verbs, that are all conjugated the same way. They are unlike other verb groups in that the ‘i’ is given a circumflex before a ‘t’.
present participle | se connaissant /sə kɔ.nɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | connu /kɔ.ny/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | se connaître | ||||||
compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | se connaissant /sə kɔ.nɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | s'étant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me connais /mə kɔ.nɛ/ |
te connais /tə kɔ.nɛ/ |
se connaît /sə kɔ.nɛ/ |
nous connaissons /nu kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ |
vous connaissez /vu kɔ.nɛ.se/ |
se connaissent /sə kɔ.nɛs/ |
imperfect | me connaissais /mə kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ |
te connaissais /tə kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ |
se connaissait /sə kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ |
nous connaissions /nu kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
vous connaissiez /vu kɔ.nɛ.sje/ |
se connaissaient /sə kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | me connus /mə kɔ.ny/ |
te connus /tə kɔ.ny/ |
se connut /sə kɔ.ny/ |
nous connûmes /nu kɔ.nym/ |
vous connûtes /vu kɔ.nyt/ |
se connurent /sə kɔ.nyʁ/ | |
future | me connaîtrai /mə kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ |
te connaîtras /tə kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ |
se connaîtra /sə kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ |
nous connaîtrons /nu kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ |
vous connaîtrez /vu kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ |
se connaîtront /sə kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | me connaîtrais /mə kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
te connaîtrais /tə kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
se connaîtrait /sə kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
nous connaîtrions /nu kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
vous connaîtriez /vu kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.je/ |
se connaîtraient /sə kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me connaisse /mə kɔ.nɛs/ |
te connaisses /tə kɔ.nɛs/ |
se connaisse /sə kɔ.nɛs/ |
nous connaissions /nu kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
vous connaissiez /vu kɔ.nɛ.sje/ |
se connaissent /sə kɔ.nɛs/ |
imperfect2 | me connusse /mə kɔ.nys/ |
te connusses /tə kɔ.nys/ |
se connût /sə kɔ.ny/ |
nous connussions /nu kɔ.ny.sjɔ̃/ |
vous connussiez /vu kɔ.ny.sje/ |
se connussent /sə kɔ.nys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | connais-toi /kɔ.nɛ.twa/ |
— | connaissons-nous /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃.nu/ |
connaissez-vous /kɔ.nɛ.se.vu/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “connaître” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Norman
Alternative forms
- counaîte (France, Guernsey)
Etymology
From Old French conoistre, from Latin cognōscere, present active infinitive of cognōscō (probably through a Vulgar Latin *connōscere).
Derived terms
- connaître de vue (“to know by sight”)