gripper
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɡɹɪp.ə(ɹ)/
- Rhymes: -ɪpə(r)
Noun
gripper (plural grippers)
- A person or thing that grips something.
- A cover on the handle of a bicycle, tool, etc, that makes it easier to grip.
- (curling) A rubber or other material attached to a curling shoe to improve traction on the ice.
- (rail transport, slang) A ticket collector.
- (computing, graphical user interface) A visual component on a window etc. enabling it to be resized and/or moved.
French
Etymology
From Old French, from Frankish *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, grasp”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʁi.pe/
Conjugation
Conjugation of gripper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | grippant /ɡʁi.pɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | grippé /ɡʁi.pe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | gripper | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | grippant /ɡʁi.pɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grippe /ɡʁip/ |
grippes /ɡʁip/ |
grippe /ɡʁip/ |
grippons /ɡʁi.pɔ̃/ |
grippez /ɡʁi.pe/ |
grippent /ɡʁip/ |
| imperfect | grippais /ɡʁi.pɛ/ |
grippais /ɡʁi.pɛ/ |
grippait /ɡʁi.pɛ/ |
grippions /ɡʁi.pjɔ̃/ |
grippiez /ɡʁi.pje/ |
grippaient /ɡʁi.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | grippai /ɡʁi.pe/ |
grippas /ɡʁi.pa/ |
grippa /ɡʁi.pa/ |
grippâmes /ɡʁi.pam/ |
grippâtes /ɡʁi.pat/ |
grippèrent /ɡʁi.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | gripperai /ɡʁi.pʁe/ |
gripperas /ɡʁi.pʁa/ |
grippera /ɡʁi.pʁa/ |
gripperons /ɡʁi.pʁɔ̃/ |
gripperez /ɡʁi.pʁe/ |
gripperont /ɡʁi.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gripperais /ɡʁi.pʁɛ/ |
gripperais /ɡʁi.pʁɛ/ |
gripperait /ɡʁi.pʁɛ/ |
gripperions /ɡʁi.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gripperiez /ɡʁi.pə.ʁje/ |
gripperaient /ɡʁi.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grippe /ɡʁip/ |
grippes /ɡʁip/ |
grippe /ɡʁip/ |
grippions /ɡʁi.pjɔ̃/ |
grippiez /ɡʁi.pje/ |
grippent /ɡʁip/ |
| imperfect2 | grippasse /ɡʁi.pas/ |
grippasses /ɡʁi.pas/ |
grippât /ɡʁi.pa/ |
grippassions /ɡʁi.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
grippassiez /ɡʁi.pa.sje/ |
grippassent /ɡʁi.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | grippe /ɡʁip/ |
— | grippons /ɡʁi.pɔ̃/ |
grippez /ɡʁi.pe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “gripper” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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