joindre
French
Etymology
From Old French joindre, from Latin iungere, present active infinitive of iungō (“join”), from Proto-Italic *jungō, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
Audio (France, Paris) (file) - Hyphenation: joindre
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in ‘t’ instead of a vowel.
present participle | joignant /ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | joint /ʒwɛ̃/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | joindre | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | joignant /ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ |
joins /ʒwɛ̃/ |
joint /ʒwɛ̃/ |
joignons /ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
joignez /ʒwa.ɲe/ |
joignent /ʒwaɲ/ |
imperfect | joignais /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
joignais /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
joignait /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
joignions /ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
joigniez /ʒwa.ɲje/ |
joignaient /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | |
past historic2 | joignis /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignis /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignit /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignîmes /ʒwa.ɲim/ |
joignîtes /ʒwa.ɲit/ |
joignirent /ʒwa.ɲiʁ/ | |
future | joindrai /ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
joindras /ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
joindra /ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
joindrons /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
joindrez /ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
joindront /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | joindrais /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
joindrais /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
joindrait /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
joindrions /ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
joindriez /ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
joindraient /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | joigne /ʒwaɲ/ |
joignes /ʒwaɲ/ |
joigne /ʒwaɲ/ |
joignions /ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
joigniez /ʒwa.ɲje/ |
joignent /ʒwaɲ/ |
imperfect2 | joignisse /ʒwa.ɲis/ |
joignisses /ʒwa.ɲis/ |
joignît /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignissions /ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
joignissiez /ʒwa.ɲi.sje/ |
joignissent /ʒwa.ɲis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ |
— | joignons /ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
joignez /ʒwa.ɲe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “joindre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Norman
Etymology
From Old French joindre, from Latin iungō, iungere (“join, yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, unite”).
Old French
Verb
joindre
- to meet up with; to go and see
- to join; to join onto
- circa 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- La ou l’espaule au col se joint
- At the point where the shoulder joins onto the neck
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | joindre | avoir joint | |||||
gerund | en joignant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | joignant | ||||||
past participle | joint | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | joing | joinz | joint | joignons | joigniez | joignent |
imperfect | joignoie, joigneie | joignoies, joigneies | joignoit, joigneit | joigniiens, joigniens | joigniiez, joigniez | joignoient, joigneient | |
preterite | joins | joinsis | joinst | joinsimes | joinsistes | joinstrent | |
future | joindrai | joindras | joindra | joindrons | joindroiz, joindreiz, joindrez | joindront | |
conditional | joindroie, joindreie | joindroies, joindreies | joindroit, joindreit | joindriiens, joindriens | joindriiez, joindriez | joindroient, joindreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | joigne | joignes | joigne | joigniens, joignons | joigniez | joignent |
imperfect | joinsisse | joinsisses | joinsist | joinsissons, joinsissiens | joinsissoiz, joinsissez, joinsissiez | joinsissent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | joing | — | joignons | joigniez | — |