navrer
French
Etymology
From Middle French navrer (“to wound”), from Old French navrer, nafrer (“to hurt by piercing or cutting”), from Old Norse nafra (“to pierce or bore with an auger”), from nafarr (“auger”), from Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz (“auger", literally "nave-spear”). Cognate with Old English nafogār (“auger”), Old High German nabagēr (“auger”). More at auger.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /na.vʁe/
Verb
navrer
- (transitive, obsolete or dialectal) to wound
- (transitive) to cause great pain or affliction
- (transitive) to upset; dismay
Conjugation
Conjugation of navrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | navrant /na.vʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | navré /na.vʁe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | navrer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | navrant /na.vʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | navre /navʁ/ |
navres /navʁ/ |
navre /navʁ/ |
navrons /na.vʁɔ̃/ |
navrez /na.vʁe/ |
navrent /navʁ/ |
| imperfect | navrais /na.vʁɛ/ |
navrais /na.vʁɛ/ |
navrait /na.vʁɛ/ |
navrions /na.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
navriez /na.vʁi.je/ |
navraient /na.vʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | navrai /na.vʁe/ |
navras /na.vʁa/ |
navra /na.vʁa/ |
navrâmes /na.vʁam/ |
navrâtes /na.vʁat/ |
navrèrent /na.vʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | navrerai /na.vʁə.ʁe/ |
navreras /na.vʁə.ʁa/ |
navrera /na.vʁə.ʁa/ |
navrerons /na.vʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
navrerez /na.vʁə.ʁe/ |
navreront /na.vʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | navrerais /na.vʁə.ʁɛ/ |
navrerais /na.vʁə.ʁɛ/ |
navrerait /na.vʁə.ʁɛ/ |
navrerions /na.vʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
navreriez /na.vʁə.ʁje/ |
navreraient /na.vʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | navre /navʁ/ |
navres /navʁ/ |
navre /navʁ/ |
navrions /na.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
navriez /na.vʁi.je/ |
navrent /navʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | navrasse /na.vʁas/ |
navrasses /na.vʁas/ |
navrât /na.vʁa/ |
navrassions /na.vʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
navrassiez /na.vʁa.sje/ |
navrassent /na.vʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | navre /navʁ/ |
— | navrons /na.vʁɔ̃/ |
navrez /na.vʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “navrer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of navrer
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | navrer | avoir navré | |||||
| gerund | en navrant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | navrant | ||||||
| past participle | navré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | navre | navres | navre | navrons | navrez | navrent |
| imperfect | navrois, navroys | navrois, navroys | navroit, navroyt | navrions, navryons | navriez, navryez | navroient, navroyent | |
| past historic | navra | navras | navra | navrasmes | navrastes | navrerent | |
| future | navrerai, navreray | navreras | navrera | navrerons | navrerez | navreront | |
| conditional | navrerois, navreroys | navrerois, navreroys | navreroit, navreroyt | navrerions, navreryons | navreriez, navreryez | navreroient, navreroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | navre | navres | navre | navrons | navrez | navrent |
| imperfect | navrasse | navrasses | navrast | navrassions | navrassiez | navrassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | navre | — | navrons | navrez | — | ||
References
- navrer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
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