obsideo

Latin

Etymology

From ob- (“before”) +‎ sedeō (“I sit”).

Pronunciation

Verb

obsideō (present infinitive obsidēre, perfect active obsēdī, supine obsessum); second conjugation

  1. I sit, remain, abide, stay.
  2. I frequent, haunt, inhabit.
  3. (transitive, military) I besiege; hem in, beset (a city).
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
      Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
      The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.
    • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Daniel 1:1
      anno tertio regni Ioachim regis Iuda venit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis Hierusalem et obsedit eam
      In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
  4. (transitive) I detain, hold captive
  5. I occupy, fill, possess.
  6. I watch closely; I am on the lookout for.

Inflection
   Conjugation of obsideo (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present obsideō obsidēs obsidet obsidēmus obsidētis obsident
imperfect obsidēbam obsidēbās obsidēbat obsidēbāmus obsidēbātis obsidēbant
future obsidēbō obsidēbis obsidēbit obsidēbimus obsidēbitis obsidēbunt
perfect obsēdī obsēdistī obsēdit obsēdimus obsēdistis obsēdērunt, obsēdēre
pluperfect obsēderam obsēderās obsēderat obsēderāmus obsēderātis obsēderant
future perfect obsēderō obsēderis obsēderit obsēderimus obsēderitis obsēderint
passive present obsideor obsidēris, obsidēre obsidētur obsidēmur obsidēminī obsidentur
imperfect obsidēbar obsidēbāris, obsidēbāre obsidēbātur obsidēbāmur obsidēbāminī obsidēbantur
future obsidēbor obsidēberis, obsidēbere obsidēbitur obsidēbimur obsidēbiminī obsidēbuntur
perfect obsessus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect obsessus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect obsessus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present obsideam obsideās obsideat obsideāmus obsideātis obsideant
imperfect obsidērem obsidērēs obsidēret obsidērēmus obsidērētis obsidērent
perfect obsēderim obsēderīs obsēderit obsēderimus obsēderitis obsēderint
pluperfect obsēdissem obsēdissēs obsēdisset obsēdissēmus obsēdissētis obsēdissent
passive present obsidear obsideāris, obsideāre obsideātur obsideāmur obsideāminī obsideantur
imperfect obsidērer obsidērēris, obsidērēre obsidērētur obsidērēmur obsidērēminī obsidērentur
perfect obsessus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect obsessus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — obsidē — — obsidēte —
future — obsidētō obsidētō — obsidētōte obsidentō
passive present — obsidēre — — obsidēminī —
future — obsidētor obsidētor — — obsidentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives obsidēre obsēdisse obsessūrus esse obsidērī obsessus esse obsessum īrī
participles obsidēns — obsessūrus — obsessus obsidendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
obsidēre obsidendī obsidendō obsidendum obsessum obsessū

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • obsideo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • obsideo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • obsideo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidere
    • (ambiguous) to give hostages: obsides dare
    • (ambiguous) to compel communities to provide hostages: obsides civitatibus imperare
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