phải
Vietnamese
Etymology
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 被 (“to suffer; passive marker”; SV: bị) (Old Chinese: /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ, m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s, mə-pʰ(r)aj, pʰ(r)aj-s/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014)), along the semantic evolution of “to have to endure; to suffer” > “have to; must” > “correct” > “right (in direction)”. It may reflect an Old Chinese pronunciation /*N-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/ with the loss of a nasal prefix as is also seen in other early loans (Sagart, per. comm.).
The common Vietic word for “right” is Proto-Vietic *dam ~ *tam, whence the now-archaic đăm.
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [faːj˧˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [faːj˧˨]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [faːj˨˩˦]
Adjective
Derived terms
Derived terms
Related terms
- (right): hữu
Verb
phải
- (modal auxiliary) must, have to, should
- Tôi phải đi ngay.
- I must go right away.
- Phải đủ điểm mới được lên lớp.
- One must earn high enough grades to be promoted to the next grade.
- (transitive) to have to endure (something unpleasant)
- Giẫm phải gai.
- to tread on thorns.
- ngộ phải gió độc
- in case one encounters bad wind (i.e., the cold or inclement weather)
- Tôi đi phải ngày mưa gió.
- I had to go on a rainy and windy day.
Derived terms
Derived terms
References
- "phải" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
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