runa
Gothic
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrʏːna/
- Rhymes: -ʏːna
Noun
runa f (genitive singular runu, nominative plural runur)
Declension
Italian
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -una
Related terms
Latin
Inflection
First declension.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rūna | rūnae |
Genitive | rūnae | rūnārum |
Dative | rūnae | rūnīs |
Accusative | rūnam | rūnās |
Ablative | rūnā | rūnīs |
Vocative | rūna | rūnae |
References
- runa in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- runa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- runa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).[1]
Noun
runa f (4th declension)
- speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language)
- runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi ― speech ability, skills, disorders
- runas orgāni, aparāts ― speech organs, apparatus
- iekšēja runa ― internal speech, internal monologue
- ātra runa ― fast speech; a quick question
- izteiksmīga runa ― expressive speech
- runas veids ― way, style of speaking
- bērnu runa ― children's talk
- talk, words (what is said by someone)
- par ko ir runa? — what (are you) talking about?
- par to nevar būt ne runas ― about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question
- ticēt glaimu runām ― to believe flattering words
- runas apklusa ― the talking (= people) became silent
- speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public)
- runas māksla ― the art of speech, oratory
- oratora runa ― the speaker's talk
- apsveikuma runa ― welcome speech
- teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu ― to deliver a speech
- publiskā runa ― public speech
- galda runa ― table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech
- (grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)
- tiešā, netiešā runa ― direct, indirect speech
- (chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk
- tukšas runas ― empty rumors
- kaimiņu runas ― neighbors' talk
- zināt no ļaužu runām ― to know from people's talk, by hearsay
- neklausīties ļaužu runās ― don't listen to people's talk
Declension
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “runāt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mapudungun
References
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruːnɑ/
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
Etymology 1
From Old Norse rún (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Declension
Related terms
Quechua
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | runa | runakuna |
accusative | runata | runakunata |
dative | runaman | runakunaman |
genitive | runap | runakunap |
locative | runapi | runakunapi |
terminative | runakama | runakunakama |
ablative | runamanta | runakunamanta |
instrumental | runawan | runakunawan |
comitative | runantin | runakunantin |
abessive | runannaq | runakunannaq |
comparative | runahina | runakunahina |
causative | runarayku | runakunarayku |
benefactive | runapaq | runakunapaq |
associative | runapura | runakunapura |
distributive | runanka | runakunanka |
exclusive | runalla | runakunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runay | runaykuna |
accusative | runayta | runaykunata |
dative | runayman | runaykunaman |
genitive | runaypa | runaykunap |
locative | runaypi | runaykunapi |
terminative | runaykama | runaykunakama |
ablative | runaymanta | runaykunamanta |
instrumental | runaywan | runaykunawan |
comitative | runaynintin | runaykunantin |
abessive | runayninnaq | runaykunannaq |
comparative | runayhina | runaykunahina |
causative | runayrayku | runaykunarayku |
benefactive | runaypaq | runaykunapaq |
associative | runaypura | runaykunapura |
distributive | runayninka | runaykunanka |
exclusive | runaylla | runaykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runayki | runaykikuna |
accusative | runaykita | runaykikunata |
dative | runaykiman | runaykikunaman |
genitive | runaykipa | runaykikunap |
locative | runaykipi | runaykikunapi |
terminative | runaykikama | runaykikunakama |
ablative | runaykimanta | runaykikunamanta |
instrumental | runaykiwan | runaykikunawan |
comitative | runaykintin | runaykikunantin |
abessive | runaykinnaq | runaykikunannaq |
comparative | runaykihina | runaykikunahina |
causative | runaykirayku | runaykikunarayku |
benefactive | runaykipaq | runaykikunapaq |
associative | runaykipura | runaykikunapura |
distributive | runaykinka | runaykikunanka |
exclusive | runaykilla | runaykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runan | runankuna |
accusative | runanta | runankunata |
dative | runanman | runankunaman |
genitive | runanpa | runankunap |
locative | runanpi | runankunapi |
terminative | runankama | runankunakama |
ablative | runanmanta | runankunamanta |
instrumental | runanwan | runankunawan |
comitative | runanintin | runankunantin |
abessive | runanninnaq | runankunannaq |
comparative | runanhina | runankunahina |
causative | runanrayku | runankunarayku |
benefactive | runanpaq | runankunapaq |
associative | runanpura | runankunapura |
distributive | runaninka | runankunanka |
exclusive | runanlla | runankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runanchik | runanchikkuna |
accusative | runanchikta | runanchikkunata |
dative | runanchikman | runanchikkunaman |
genitive | runanchikpa | runanchikkunap |
locative | runanchikpi | runanchikkunapi |
terminative | runanchikkama | runanchikkunakama |
ablative | runanchikmanta | runanchikkunamanta |
instrumental | runanchikwan | runanchikkunawan |
comitative | runanchiknintin | runanchikkunantin |
abessive | runanchikninnaq | runanchikkunannaq |
comparative | runanchikhina | runanchikkunahina |
causative | runanchikrayku | runanchikkunarayku |
benefactive | runanchikpaq | runanchikkunapaq |
associative | runanchikpura | runanchikkunapura |
distributive | runanchikninka | runanchikkunanka |
exclusive | runanchiklla | runanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runayku | runaykukuna |
accusative | runaykuta | runaykukunata |
dative | runaykuman | runaykukunaman |
genitive | runaykupa | runaykukunap |
locative | runaykupi | runaykukunapi |
terminative | runaykukama | runaykukunakama |
ablative | runaykumanta | runaykukunamanta |
instrumental | runaykuwan | runaykukunawan |
comitative | runaykuntin | runaykukunantin |
abessive | runaykunnaq | runaykukunannaq |
comparative | runaykuhina | runaykukunahina |
causative | runaykurayku | runaykukunarayku |
benefactive | runaykupaq | runaykukunapaq |
associative | runaykupura | runaykukunapura |
distributive | runaykunka | runaykukunanka |
exclusive | runaykulla | runaykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runaykichik | runaykichikkuna |
accusative | runaykichikta | runaykichikkunata |
dative | runaykichikman | runaykichikkunaman |
genitive | runaykichikpa | runaykichikkunap |
locative | runaykichikpi | runaykichikkunapi |
terminative | runaykichikkama | runaykichikkunakama |
ablative | runaykichikmanta | runaykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | runaykichikwan | runaykichikkunawan |
comitative | runaykichiknintin | runaykichikkunantin |
abessive | runaykichikninnaq | runaykichikkunannaq |
comparative | runaykichikhina | runaykichikkunahina |
causative | runaykichikrayku | runaykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | runaykichikpaq | runaykichikkunapaq |
associative | runaykichikpura | runaykichikkunapura |
distributive | runaykichikninka | runaykichikkunanka |
exclusive | runaykichiklla | runaykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runanku | runankukuna |
accusative | runankuta | runankukunata |
dative | runankuman | runankukunaman |
genitive | runankupa | runankukunap |
locative | runankupi | runankukunapi |
terminative | runankukama | runankukunakama |
ablative | runankumanta | runankukunamanta |
instrumental | runankuwan | runankukunawan |
comitative | runankuntin | runankukunantin |
abessive | runankunnaq | runankukunannaq |
comparative | runankuhina | runankukunahina |
causative | runankurayku | runankukunarayku |
benefactive | runankupaq | runankukunapaq |
associative | runankupura | runankukunapura |
distributive | runankunka | runankukunanka |
exclusive | runankulla | runankukunalla |
Slovak
Etymology
From Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
- Hyphenation: ru‧na
Noun
runa f (genitive singular runy, nominative plural runy, genitive plural rún, declension pattern of žena)
Declension
Derived terms
- runový
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish run, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Declension
Declension of runa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | runa | runan | runor | runorna |
Genitive | runas | runans | runors | runornas |
Related terms
- runalfabet
- runinskrift
- runrad
- runristare