soutenir
French
Etymology
From Middle French soubtenir, from Old French sustenir, soustenir, from Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sut.niʁ/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way.
Conjugation of soutenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | soutenant /sut.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | soutenu /sut.ny/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | soutenir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | soutenant /sut.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/ |
soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/ |
soutient /su.tjɛ̃/ |
soutenons /sut.nɔ̃/ |
soutenez /sut.ne/ |
soutiennent /su.tjɛn/ |
| imperfect | soutenais /sut.nɛ/ |
soutenais /sut.nɛ/ |
soutenait /sut.nɛ/ |
soutenions /su.tə.njɔ̃/ |
souteniez /su.tə.nje/ |
soutenaient /sut.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | soutins /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutins /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutint /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutînmes /su.tɛ̃m/ |
soutîntes /su.tɛ̃t/ |
soutinrent /su.tɛ̃ʁ/ | |
| future | soutiendrai /su.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
soutiendras /su.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
soutiendra /su.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
soutiendrons /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
soutiendrez /su.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
soutiendront /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | soutiendrais /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
soutiendrais /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
soutiendrait /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
soutiendrions /su.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
soutiendriez /su.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
soutiendraient /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | soutienne /su.tjɛn/ |
soutiennes /su.tjɛn/ |
soutienne /su.tjɛn/ |
soutenions /su.tə.njɔ̃/ |
souteniez /su.tə.nje/ |
soutiennent /su.tjɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | soutinsse /su.tɛ̃s/ |
soutinsses /su.tɛ̃s/ |
soutînt /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutinssions /su.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
soutinssiez /su.tɛ̃.sje/ |
soutinssent /su.tɛ̃s/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/ |
— | soutenons /sut.nɔ̃/ |
soutenez /sut.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “soutenir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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