sustineo

Latin

Etymology

From sub- +‎ teneō (“hold; restrain”). Confer, on composition and meaning, with the later formed subteneō (“to hold underneath”).

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /susˈti.ne.oː/, [sʊsˈtɪ.ne.oː]

Verb

sustineō (present infinitive sustinēre, perfect active sustinuī, supine sustentum); second conjugation

  1. I hold up or upright, uphold, keep up, bear up, support, sustain, tolerate.
  2. I hold or keep back or in, stay, check, restrain, control.
  3. I keep back, put off, defer, delay.
  4. I uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve; guard, protect.
  5. I undergo, endure, deign, withstand, hold out.

Conjugation
   Conjugation of sustineō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sustineō sustinēs sustinet sustinēmus sustinētis sustinent
imperfect sustinēbam sustinēbās sustinēbat sustinēbāmus sustinēbātis sustinēbant
future sustinēbō sustinēbis sustinēbit sustinēbimus sustinēbitis sustinēbunt
perfect sustinuī sustinuistī sustinuit sustinuimus sustinuistis sustinuērunt, sustinuēre
pluperfect sustinueram sustinuerās sustinuerat sustinuerāmus sustinuerātis sustinuerant
future perfect sustinuerō sustinueris sustinuerit sustinuerimus sustinueritis sustinuerint
passive present sustineor sustinēris, sustinēre sustinētur sustinēmur sustinēminī sustinentur
imperfect sustinēbar sustinēbāris, sustinēbāre sustinēbātur sustinēbāmur sustinēbāminī sustinēbantur
future sustinēbor sustinēberis, sustinēbere sustinēbitur sustinēbimur sustinēbiminī sustinēbuntur
perfect sustentus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect sustentus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect sustentus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sustineam sustineās sustineat sustineāmus sustineātis sustineant
imperfect sustinērem sustinērēs sustinēret sustinērēmus sustinērētis sustinērent
perfect sustinuerim sustinuerīs sustinuerit sustinuerīmus sustinuerītis sustinuerint
pluperfect sustinuissem sustinuissēs sustinuisset sustinuissēmus sustinuissētis sustinuissent
passive present sustinear sustineāris, sustineāre sustineātur sustineāmur sustineāminī sustineantur
imperfect sustinērer sustinērēris, sustinērēre sustinērētur sustinērēmur sustinērēminī sustinērentur
perfect sustentus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect sustentus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — sustinē — — sustinēte —
future — sustinētō sustinētō — sustinētōte sustinentō
passive present — sustinēre — — sustinēminī —
future — sustinētor sustinētor — — sustinentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives sustinēre sustinuisse sustentūrus esse sustinērī sustentus esse sustentum īrī
participles sustinēns — sustentūrus — sustentus sustinendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
sustinendī sustinendō sustinendum sustinendō sustentum sustentū

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • sustineo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • sustineo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sustineo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop: equos incitatos sustinere
    • to fulfil the duties of one's position: munus explere, sustinere
    • to bear the blame of a thing: culpam alicuius rei sustinere
    • to hold out for four months: obsidionem quattuor menses sustinere
    • to resist the attack, onset: impetum sustinere (B. G. 1. 26)
    • to stop rowing; to easy: sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33)
  • sustineo in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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