stingrs

From the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”) (q.v.), with an extra (adjectivizing?) r. A parallel form without the r yielded stings (“stiff, numb”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiñgras (“firm, strict”), stingrùs, stìngrus (“rigid, stiff, numb; hard, solid; strained; heavy”).[1]

The verb stiñgt (“to stiffen”) is cognate with Lithuanian stìngti (“id.”). According to Karulis, from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, pull, flex, clench”) (whence also Latvian tiepties), with an anlaut s- (compare stiept) and an extra -gh, thus Proto-Indo-European *stengh- : *stn̥gh- > Proto-Baltic *steng- : *sting-.

According to a different view (Endzelīns, Vasmer, Pokorny), stingt is to be linked with Old High German stanga (“stick, club”), Old High German stengil (“stalk”) from Proto-Indo-European *stegh- (“to stab”) or, according to Pokorny, with Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “coagulates, becomes hard”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains), German Stein (“rock”) from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to thicken”).[2]

• IPA^(key): [stīŋɡɾs], IPA^(key): [stîŋɡɾs]

stingrs (stingrais comparative, stingrāks superlative, visstingrākais adverb, stingri)

1. (of objects, materials, etc.) firm, strong, rigid (capable of resisting the actions of mechanical forces without harm or change)

   stingra sija ― strong, firm beam

   stingra construkcija ― strong, firm construction

   stingra atspere ― strong, firm spring

   stingrs rāmis ― strong, firm, rigid frame

   stingrs audums ― strong fabric

   stingrs savienojums ― firm, rigid compound

   stingra masa ― firm, rigid mass

   pamats te stingrs, tu ar savu buldozeru vari droši braukt virsū! ― the foundation is strong, firm here, you and your bulldozer can safely ride on top (of it)!

   “piesēdieties, lūdzu”, viņa pastūma Berga kundzei stingrāko krēslu ― “please sit down,” she pushed to(ward) Mrs Bergs the a firmer, stronger chair

   olu baltumus kopā ar cukuru saputo stingrās putās ― one whips the whites of the eggs together with the sugar into a firm foam

2. (of living beings, their bodies) firm, strong, sturdy (having much strength; physically well developed, not weak, not brittle)

   stingrs zirgs ― strong horse

   stingri koki ― strong, firm trees

   tēvs bija vēl stingrs vecis, kādreiz strādājis kalēja darbus ― (his) father was still a strong old man, (who) had once worked as a blacksmith

   jēriņš, kaut arī lēnām, brieda arvien stingrāks un apaļāks ― the little lamb, albeit slowly, was growing increasingly stronger and rounder

   stingrais augums, kuru apņēma sarkani puķota katūna kleitiņa, gan rādīja jau sievieti, bet viņas seja... atgādināja biklu skolnieci ― her firm height (= body), hugged by a little flowery cotton dress, already showed a woman, but her face... recalled the timid schoolgirl

   viņa zina, ka pēc pāris nedēļām vīra rokas būs daudz stingrākas nekā šobrīd... viņai patīk stipras rokas ― she knows that after a couple of weeks (her) husband's hands will be much firmer, stronger than now... she likes strong hands

3. firm, strong (done, happening with energy, strength; affecting (something else) strongly)

   rokas spiediens - stingrs, kā jau cilvēkiem, kas draugos ar tehniku ― (his) handshake (is) firm, like that of someone who is friends with the technique

   eju dēlam pa priekšu stingriem, noteiktiem soļiem ― I go ahead of (my) son (with) firm, determined steps

4. firm, strong, rigorous (showing above average intensity)

   vējš ar katru stundu kļuva aizvien stingrāks ― with every hour, the wind became increasingly stronger

   togad bija tāda pati agra un stingra ziema kā šogad, tikai sals uzknieba vēl niknāk ― that year winter was just as rigorous as this year, only the frost was biting even more wildly (= strongly, painfully)

5. (of ideas, norms, principles, actions, or the people who espouse them) firm, strong, rigorous, strict (based on certain, usually fixed, opinions, viewpoints; expressing such viewpoints)

   stingrs princips ― firm principle

   stingrs likums ― rigorous, strict law

   stingra nostāja ― firm, rigorous stance

   stingra pārliecība ― firm, strong conviction, belief

   stingra tīcība ― strong faith

   stingrs rīkojums ― strict instructions, orders

   stringra audzināšana ― strict upbringing

   stingrs rājens ― strong, firm reprimand

   stingrs skolotājs, audzinātājs ― strict teacher, educator

   stingrs tēvs ― strict father

   stingra seja ― strict, firm face

   slimnieks jāievēro stingrs režīms ― the patient must observe a strict regime

   viņi bija save ceļa gājēji ar stingriem uzksatiem par dzīvi un cilvēkiem ― they were going their own way, with firm, strict opinions about life and people

   veltīgi cerēt, māmiņa ir stingra ― it is futile to hope (for more freedom), mommy is strict

   meitene izskatījās neatkarīga un ar stingru raksturu ― the girl looked independent and strict of character

6. (of social phenomena) strong, firm, stable (which does not change in time)

   stingra valsts vara ― strong state power

   stingrs miers ― firm, stable peace

7. (colloquial, of alcoholic beverages) strong (with high alcohol content)

   Pētera šņabis bija tik stingrs un krietns, ka viņa slava bija izplatījusies pat vācu aprindās ― Pēteris' vodka was so strong and robust that his fame had spread even in German circles

8. (colloquial, adverbial form) very; fully

   kažociņš bija stingri vien apvalkāts ― the fur coat was strictly (= very) worn, shabby

9. (mathematics, with nevienādība (“inequality”)) strict; such that is not true if an equals sign is placed between a and b

   stingras nevienādības grafiks ir raustīta līnija ― the graph of a strict inequality is a dashed line

• (of "rigid", "stiff"): ciets, stings, stīvs
• (of "strong"): spēcīgs, stiprs

• stingrība
• stingrums
• nestingrs

• stings
• stingt