underground
See also: Underground
English
Etymology
From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -aʊnd
Adjective
underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)
- (not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
- Synonym: subterranean
- There is an underground tunnel that takes you across the river.
- 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:
- One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.
- (figuratively) Hidden, furtive, secretive.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hidden, Thesaurus:covert
- These criminals operate through an underground network.
- (Of music, art &c.) Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities.
- Synonyms: unconventional, alternative
- Antonym: mainstream
- underground music
- 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, page 27:
- ‘ […] he wrote to me last week telling me about an incredible bitch of a row blazing there on account of someone having been and gone and produced an unofficial magazine called Raddled, full of obscene libellous Oz-like filth. And what I though, what Sammy and I thought, was—why not?’ ‘Why not what?’ said Tom. ‘Why not do the same thing here?’ ‘You mean an underground magazine?’ ‘Yup.’
Translations
below the ground
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outside the mainstream
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Adverb
underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)
- Below the ground.
- Secretly.
- Synonyms: clandestinely, in secret, on the quiet
Translations
Noun
underground (plural undergrounds)
- (geography) Regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines).
- (chiefly Britain) Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground.
- London Underground
- (with definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention.
- Synonym: resistance
- the French underground during World War II
- (with definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention.
- Synonyms: avant-garde, counterculture
Translations
regions beneat the surface of the earth
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subway — see subway
movement or organisation of people who resist political convention
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movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention
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Verb
underground (third-person singular simple present undergrounds, present participle undergrounding, simple past and past participle undergrounded)
- To route electricity distribution cables underground
- 1962, David Pesonen, “Battles Over Energy”, in Carolyn Merchant, editor, Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History, Island Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 325:
- One is to underground where no other alternative will work, and this method should be used universally in urban regions as it now is in “downtown” sections.
- 2004, Don L. Ivey and C. Paul Scott, “Solutions”, in Transportation Research Board Committee on Utilities, editor, Utilities and Roadside Safety, State of the Art Report 9, Transportation Research Board, →ISBN, page 9:
- Also, undergrounding may not eliminate the potential for crashes with other roadside objects, such as trees, walls, buildings, and so forth. [...] When looking at the fesibility of undergrounding utilities, the complete roadside area and nearby adjacent properties should be evaluated for potential roadside obstructions or hazards.
- 2006, Janes Northcote-Green, Robert Wilson, “Design, Construction and Operation of Distribution Systems, MV Networks”, in Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 110:
- The utility now wants the network to be undergrounded in the urban areas, which would mean substations with 33 kV distribution swtichgear.
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Translations
to route electricity distribution cables underground
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Finnish
Etymology
From English underground.
Declension
Inflection of underground (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
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nominative | underground | undergroundit | |
genitive | undergroundin | undergroundien | |
partitive | undergroundia | undergroundeja | |
illative | undergroundiin | undergroundeihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | underground | undergroundit | |
accusative | nom. | underground | undergroundit |
gen. | undergroundin | ||
genitive | undergroundin | undergroundien | |
partitive | undergroundia | undergroundeja | |
inessive | undergroundissa | undergroundeissa | |
elative | undergroundista | undergroundeista | |
illative | undergroundiin | undergroundeihin | |
adessive | undergroundilla | undergroundeilla | |
ablative | undergroundilta | undergroundeilta | |
allative | undergroundille | undergroundeille | |
essive | undergroundina | undergroundeina | |
translative | undergroundiksi | undergroundeiksi | |
instructive | — | undergroundein | |
abessive | undergrounditta | undergroundeitta | |
comitative | — | undergroundeineen |
Compounds
- undergroundelokuva
- undergroundkirjallisuus
- undergroundkulttuuri
- undergroundsarjakuva
French
Etymology
From English underground.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /œ̃.dɛʁ.ɡʁawnd/
Noun
underground m (uncountable)
- (singular only) the underground (people who resist artistic convention)
Further reading
- “underground” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Italian
Etymology
From English underground.
Noun
l'underground m (invariable)
- the underground (people who resist artistic convention)
Spanish
Etymology
From English underground.
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