wo
See also: Appendix:Variations of "wo"
English
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
Variant of who.
Etymology 2
Variant of woe.
Noun
wo (countable and uncountable, plural wos)
- Obsolete spelling of woe
- 1815, Philip Freneau, A collection of poems, on American affairs and a variety of other subjects, page 82:
- Such feeble arms, to work internal wo!
- Hannah More
- But if there was a competition between a sick family and a new broach, the broach was sure to carry the day. This would not have been the case, had they been habituated to visit themselves the abodes of penury and wo.
- 1815, Philip Freneau, A collection of poems, on American affairs and a variety of other subjects, page 82:
Acehnese
Dongxiang
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /wo/, [wo]
Verb
wo (defective, copulative)
- to be
- existential copula
- Eqie guanjinde nie sizi wo, nie basi wo.
- Once upon a time there was a lion and a tiger.
- equitive copula
- Bi shi er dui nie bawan, yi dui bawan shi jiu Rejie wo, san dui bawan shi nie halao Remi wo.
- I was the bigshot of the second team, the bigshot of the first team was Rejie and the bigshot of the third team was one ugly Remi.
- adjectival copula
- Ene shihoude sumulase hunnerei wo dei.
- If I think [about it] now, it's funny.
- existential copula
- in possessive constructions with the possessor in dative
- Ene ghualade nie ghoni wo.
- These two had a sheep.
- (after -zhi) forming the progressive tense
- Bi ene agvinni nanbangiede nie jian wafande sauzhi wo.
- I live [am living] in a one bedroom house at the south of the village.
Usage notes
- Usually combined with the Chinese copula shi which is placed between two terms while wo follows the second. Either of them or even both can be omitted but both being present is usually the most common setup.
Derived terms
- -zho - contraction of -zhi wo.
German
Etymology
With a widespread dialectal shift from -ā- to -ō-, from Middle High German wā, wār, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwēr, *hwar. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, whence also wer. Cognate with English where.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /voː/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -oː
Adverb
wo
- (interrogative) where (at what place)
- Wo bist du?
- Where are you?
- (relative) where (at or in which place or situation)
- Ich kenne einen Laden, wo solche Sachen verkauft werden.
- I know a shop where such things are sold.
- (relative, somewhat informal) when, that (on which; at which time)
- Das war der Tag, wo wir uns kennen gelernt haben.
- That was the day when we got to know each other.
- (indefinite, colloquial) somewhere (in or to an uncertain or unspecified location)
- Ich wär gern wo, wo's wärmer ist.
- I'd like to be somewhere where it's warmer.
Usage notes
- The temporal use of wo (meaning “when”) is sometimes frowned upon in formal standard German. There is a tendency to use a preposition + relative pronoun instead: Das war der Tag, an dem wir uns kennen gelernt haben. (“That was the day on which we got to know each other.”) Nevertheless, this usage is very common in spoken German and is also widely acceptable in writing, particularly after adverbs, where the only alternative would be the archaic da: Jetzt, wo ich es weiß, wird mir alles klar. (“Now that I know, it all becomes clear to me.”) Compare French où (“where”), the temporal use of which is perfectly standard.
Conjunction
wo
- (colloquial) when
- Wo ich mich umgedreht hab, haut der mir unvermittelt eine rein.
- When I turned around, he just abruptly punched me in the face.
- Wo ich mich umgedreht hab, haut der mir unvermittelt eine rein.
Usage notes
- This usage is exclusively colloquial and would be considered inappropriate in a formal text.
Synonyms
Pronoun
wo
Usage notes
- This use is dialectal and widely restricted to Alemannic areas (Switzerland and south-western Germany). In other regions, this usage is unusual, and scorned by some.
German Low German
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German wô (“how”), from Old Saxon [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hwō. Cognate with English how, German wie, Dutch hoe.
Alternative forms
- (in some dialects) woans
Haitian Creole
Hunsrik
Etymology
From Middle High German wā, wār, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwēr, *hwar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /voː/
Adverb
wo
Pronoun
wo
- (relative) who
- De Mann, wost-du sihst, is mein Fatter.
- The man you see is my father.
- Die Fraa, wo uns gerufd hod, siehd aarich bees aus.
- The woman who called us seems pretty angry.
Japanese
Lower Sorbian
Luxembourgish
Mandarin
Romanization
wo (Zhuyin ˙ㄨㄛ)
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Saterland Frisian
Xhosa
Zulu
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