ziema

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimāˀ[1], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéy-m-, *ǵʰi-m- (“winter; snow”). Some researches suggest that this stem may have originally meant “(cold) rain period” (cf. Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (“winter”), [Term?] (/he(y)u/, “rain”) and Sanskrit हेमन्त (hemantá, “winter”), हिम (hima, “cold, frost, snow”)). Cognates include Lithuanian žiemà, Old Prussian semo ([zemo]), Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), Russian зима́ (zimá), Belarusian зіма́ (zimá), Ukrainian зима́ (zymá), зіма́ (zimá), Bulgarian зи́ма (zíma), Polish zima, Sanskrit हेमन्त (hemantá, “winter”), Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Latin hiems, Ossetian зям (zjam).[2]

• IPA^(key): [zìɛma]

ziema f (4th declension)

1. winter (season of the year between autumn and spring, from December 23 to March 22 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by the lowest yearly temperatures)

   auksta, barga ziema ― cold, harsh winter

   maiga ziema ― mild winter

   bezsniega zeima ― snowless winter

   iestājas ziema ― winter has begun

   ziemas vakars ― winter evening, night

   nākamajā ziemā ― (in) next winter

   dziļa ziema ― deep winter (i.e., with a lot of snow)

   ziemas saulgrieži ― winter solstice

   pēc garās ziemas, kas bija sākusies novembrī un vēl aprīlī negribēja aiziet, atnāca pavasaris, jo nav tādas ziemas, kurai reiz nesekotu pavasaris ― after a long winter that had started in November and in April still didn't want to go, came spring, because there is no such thing as winter which is not followed by spring

2. (in the genetive, used adjectivally) winter, typical of winter, used in winter

   Ziemassvētki ― Christmas (lit. winter holiday, festival)

   ziemas dārzs ― winter garden (a room for plants in the house)

   ziemas guļa ― hibernation (lit. winter sleep)

   ziemas sports ― winter sports

   ziemas olimpiskās spēles ― winter olympic games

   ziemas mētelis ― winter coat

   ziemas riepas ― winter tires (for driving on snow or ice)

   ziemas kvieši ― winter wheat (sown in autumn, mature the next year)

   ziemas āboli ― winter apples (those that mature in autumn)

   apaudzis biezu ziemas spalvu, suns izskatījās lielāks nekā toreiz, kad mežā to atstāja likteņā ziņā ― having grown a thick winter fur, the dog looked bigger than the time when he was left to his fate in the forest

• šoziem, toziem
• Ziemassvētki
• ziemīgs

• ziemot

• gadalaiks
• sezona

(seasons) četri gadalaiki; pavasaris, vasara, rudens, ziema ^{(Category: lv:Seasons)}