Diabetic foot infection
| Diabetic foot infection | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gas gangrene due to diabetes | |
 | |
| Symptoms | Pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, warmth[1] |
| Complications | Infection of the bone, tissue death, sepsis, amputation[2] |
| Causes | Diabetic foot ulcer[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, ischemic limb[2] |
| Prevention | Appropriate shoes[2] |
| Treatment | Wound care, antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy[2] |
| Frequency | Common[2] |
Diabetic foot infection is any infection of the foot in a diabetic.[2] Symptoms may include pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, or warmth.[1] Foot ulcers; however, may occur without being infected.[1] Complications can include infection of the bone, tissue death, amputation, or sepsis.[2]
They most often form following a diabetic foot ulcer.[2][1] Bacteria that are commonly involved include staphylococcus, streptococci, pseudomonas, and gram-negative bacteria.[2] The underlying mechanism often involves poor blood flow and peripheral neuropathy.[2] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and maybe supported by deep tissue culture.[2][1]
Prevention includes wearing appropriate shoes.[2] Treatment involves proper wound care and antibiotics.[2] The duration of antibiotics is often two to four weeks.[2] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may also help.[2] They are common and occur equally frequently in males and females.[2] Older people are more commonly affected.[2]
Treatment
Antibiotics
For minor soft tissue infections cephalexin, clindamycin, or dicloxacillin by mouth may be used.[3] This is done for 1 to 4 weeks.[3]
For severe disease ciprofloxacin with clindamycin or piperacillin/tazobactam may be used.[3] This is done for 6 to 12 weeks.[3]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lipsky, Benjamin A.; Berendt, Anthony R.; Deery, H. Gunner; Embil, John M.; Joseph, Warren S.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; LeFrock, Jack L.; Lew, Daniel P.; Mader, Jon T.; Norden, Carl; Tan, James S. (1 October 2004). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (7): 885–910. doi:10.1086/424846.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Murphy-Lavoie, HM; Ramsey, A; Nguyen, M; Singh, S (January 2020). "Diabetic Foot Infections". PMID 28722943.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - 1 2 3 4 Bader, MS (1 July 2008). "Diabetic foot infection". American family physician. 78 (1): 71–9. PMID 18649613.