Fusobacteriota

Fusobacteriota
"Fusobacterium novum" in liquid culture
Fusobacterium novum in liquid culture
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Fusobacteriota
Garrity & Holt 2021[1]
Class: Fusobacteriia
Staley & Whitman 2012
Order: Fusobacteriales
Staley & Whitman 2012
Families and genera[2]
Synonyms
  • Fusobacteriota:
    • "Fusobacteria" Garrity and Holt 2001
    • "Fusobacteraeota" Oren et al. 2015
    • "Fusobacteriota" Whitman et al. 2018
  • Fusobacteriia:
    • "Fusobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2006

Fusobacteriota are obligately anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-negative bacilli. Since the first reports in the late nineteenth century, various names have been applied to these organisms, sometimes with the same name being applied to different species. More recently, not only have there been changes to the nomenclature, but also attempts to differentiate between species which are believed to be either pathogenic or commensal or both. Because of their asaccharolytic nature, and a general paucity of positive results in routine biochemical tests, laboratory identification of the Fusobacteriota has been difficult. However, the application of novel molecular biological techniques to taxonomy has established a number of new species, together with the subspeciation of Fusobacterium necrophorum and F. nucleatum, and provided new methods for identification. The involvement of Fusobacteriota in a wide spectrum of human infections causing tissue necrosis and septicaemia has long been recognised, and, more recently, their importance in intra-amniotic infections, premature labour and tropical ulcers has been reported.

Since the first reports of Fusobacteriota in the late nineteenth century, the variety of species names has led to some confusion within the genera Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia. However, newer methods of investigation have led to a better understanding of the taxonomy, with the description of several new species of Fusobacteriota. Among the new species described are F. ulcerans from tropical ulcers, and several species from the oral cavity. Subspeciation of the important species F. necrophorum and F. nucleatum has also been possible. It is probable that the taxonomy of the Fusobacteriota may be further developed in the future.[3]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)[4][5] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 by The All-Species Living Tree Project.[6]

 
Leptotrichiaceae
Streptobacillus
 

S. hongkongensis Woo et al. 2014

 
 
 

S. moniliformis Levaditi et al. 1925

 
 

Sneathia sanguinegens Collins et al. 2002 (type sp.)

 
 
 
 
 

Sebaldella termitidis (Sebald 1962) Collins and Shah 1986

 
Leptotrichia
 

L. goodfellowii Eribe et al. 2004

 
 
 

L. hofstadii Eribe et al. 2004

 
 
 

L. buccalis (Robin 1853) Trevisan 1879 (type sp.)

 
 
 

L. wadei Eribe et al. 2004

 
 
 

L. shahii Eribe et al. 2004

 
 
 

L. hongkongensis Woo et al. 2011

 
 

L. trevisanii Tee et al. 2002

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fusobacteriaceae
 

Psychrilyobacter atlanticus Zhao et al. 2009

 
 
 
 

Ilyobacter tartaricus Schink 1985

 
 
 
 

Ilyobacter polytropus Stieb and Schink 1985 (type sp.)

 
 

Propionigenium maris Janssen and Liesack 1996 emend. Watson et al. 2000

 
 
 
 

Ilyobacter insuetus Brune et al. 2002

 
 

Propionigenium modestum Schink and Pfennig 1983 (type sp.)

 
 
 
 
 
Cetobacterium
 

C. ceti Foster et al. 1996 (type sp.)

 
 

C. somerae Finegold et al. 2003

 
 
Fusobacterium
 

F. perfoetens (Tissier 1905) Moore and Holdeman 1973

 
 
 
 

F. necrogenes (Weinberg et al. 1937) Moore and Holdeman 1970

 
 
 

F. mortiferum (Harris 1901) Moore and Holdeman 1970

 
 

Clostridium rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972

 
 
 
 
 
 

F. ulcerans Adriaans and Shah 1988

 
 

F. varium (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Moore and Holdeman 1969

 
 
 
 
 

F. gonidiaformans (Tunnicliff and Jackson 1925) Moore and Holdeman 1970

 
 
 

F. equinum Dorsch et al. 2001

 
F. necrophorum
 

F. n. funduliforme (ex Hallé 1898) Shinjo et al. 1991

 
 

F. n. necrophorum (Flügge 1886) Shinjo et al. 1991

 
 
 
 
 
 

F. russii (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Moore and Holdeman 1970

 
 
 

F. nucleatum polymorphum (ex Knorr 1922) Dzink et al. 1990

 
 
 

F. periodonticum Slots et al. 1984

 
 
 
 

F. canifelinum Conrads et al. 2004

 
 
 

F. nucleatum fusiforme (ex Veillon and Zuber 1898) Gharbia and Shah 1992

 
 

F. nucleatum vincentii Dzink et al. 1990

 
 
 
 
 

F. nucleatum nucleatum (Knorr 1922) Dzink et al. 1990 (type sp.)

 
 
 

F. simiae Slots and Potts 1982

 
 
 

F. nucleatum animalis Gharbia and Shah 1992

 
 

Filifactor alocis (Cato et al. 1985) Jalava and Eerola 1999

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Note 1: Species not used in the All-Species Living Tree Project

  • Leptotrichiaceae
    • Caviibacter abscessus Eisenberg et al. 2016
    • Oceanivirga salmonicida Eisenberg et al. 2016
    • Streptobacillus felis Eisenberg et al. 2015
    • Streptobacillus notomytis Eisenberg et al. 2015
    • Streptobacillus ratti Eisenberg et al. 2015
    • Sneathia amnionii ♠ Harwich et al. 2012
  • Fusobacteriaceae
    • Ilyobacter delafieldii Janssen and Harfoot 1991
    • Ilyobacter psychrophilus ♠ Qoura & Antranikian 2005a
    • Fusobacterium naviforme (Jungano 1909) Moore and Holdeman 1970
    • Fusobacterium plautii corrig. Séguin 1928
    • Fusobacterium polysaccharolyticum van Gylswyk 1981
    • Fusobacterium prausnitzii (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Moore & Holdeman 1970
    • Fusobacterium sulci Cato et al. 1985

Note 2:
♠ Strain found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN

Role in Human Disease

New evidence is emerging that this bacterium may cause or be related to human colon cancer. In 2011 investigators reported the presence of Fusobacteriota in colon cancer tissue (Genome Res 2012; 22:292) and a new multicenter study provides evidence that some cases-particularly right-sided might be caused by infection by Fusobacteriota.[7]

See also

  • Fusiform

References

  1. ↑ Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.
  2. ↑ "Fusobacteriales". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  3. ↑ Bennett, K. W.; Eley, A. (1 October 1993). "Fusobacteria: New taxonomy and related diseases". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 39 (4): 246–254. doi:10.1099/00222615-39-4-246. PMID 8411084.
  4. ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Fusobacteria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  5. ↑ Sayers; et al. "Fusobacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  6. ↑ See the All-Species Living Tree Project . Data extracted from the "16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  7. ↑ Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Sicinska E, Clancy TE, Zhang X, Cai D, Neuberg D, Huang K, Guevara F, Nelson T, Chipashvili O, Hagan T, Walker M, Ramachandran A, Diosdado B, Serna G, Mulet N, Landolfi S, Ramon y Cajal S, Fasani R, Aguirre AJ, Ng K, Élez E, Ogino S, Tabernero J, Fuchs CS, Hahn WC, Nuciforo P, Meyerson M. (2017). "Analysis of Fusobacterium persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer". Science. 358 (6369): 1443–1448. doi:10.1126/science.aal5240. PMC 5823247. PMID 29170280.
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