بيرل باك

Pearl S. Buck receives the Nobel Prize for Literature from King Gustav V of Sweden in the Stockholm Concert Hall in 1938

Buck was committed to a range of issues that were largely ignored by her generation. Many of her life experiences and political views are described in her novels, short stories, fiction, children's stories, and the biographies of her parents entitled Fighting Angel (on Absalom) and The Exile (on Carrie). She wrote on diverse subjects, including حقوق المرأة, Asian cultures, immigration, adoption, missionary work, war, the atomic bomb (Command the Morning), and violence. Long before it was considered fashionable or politically safe to do so, Buck challenged the American public by raising consciousness on topics such as racism, sex discrimination and the plight of Asian أطفال الحرب. Buck combined the careers of wife, mother, author, editor, international spokesperson, and political activist.[14]

In 1949, outraged that existing adoption services considered Asian and mixed-race children unadoptable, Buck co-founded Welcome House, Inc.,[15] the first international, interracial adoption agency, along with جيمس ميشنر، أوسكار هامرستاين الثاني and his second wife دوروثي هامرستاين. In nearly five decades of work, Welcome House has placed over five thousand children. In 1964, to support children who were not eligible for adoption, Buck established the Pearl S. Buck Foundation (name changed to Pearl S. Buck International in 1999)[16] to "address poverty and discrimination faced by children in Asian countries." In 1964, she opened the Opportunity Center and Orphanage in كوريا الجنوبية, and later offices were opened in Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. When establishing Opportunity House, Buck said, "The purpose ... is to publicize and eliminate injustices and prejudices suffered by children, who, because of their birth, are not permitted to enjoy the educational, social, economic and civil privileges normally accorded to children."[17]

In 1960, after a long decline in health, her husband Richard died. She renewed a warm relation with ويليام إرنست هوشكينغ, who died in 1966. Buck then withdrew from many of her old friends and quarreled with others. In 1962 Buck asked the Israeli Government for clemency for أدولف أيخمان, the Nazi war criminal who was complicit in the deaths of five million Jews during WWII.[18] In the late 1960s, Buck toured West Virginia to raise money to preserve her family farm in Hillsboro، فيرجينيا الغربية. Today the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace is a historic house museum and cultural center.[19] She hoped the house would "belong to everyone who cares to go there," and serve as a "gateway to new thoughts and dreams and ways of life."[20] U.S. President جورج بوش الأب toured the Pearl S. Buck House in October 1998. He expressed that he, like millions of other Americans, had gained an appreciation for the Chinese people through Buck's writing.[21]

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