1460s
The 1460s decade ran from January 1, 1460, to December 31, 1469.
| Millennium |
|---|
| 2nd millennium |
| Centuries |
| Decades |
| Years |
| Categories |
|
Events
1460
January–December
- January 15 – Battle of Sandwich: Yorkists raid Sandwich, Kent, England, and capture the royal fleet.[1]
- March 5 – King Christian I of Denmark issues the Treaty of Ribe, enabling himself to become Count of Holstein, and regain control of Denmark's lost Duchy of Schleswig.
- April 4 – The University of Basel is founded in Switzerland.
- June 26 – Wars of the Roses: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March (eldest son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York) land in England with an army, and march on London.
- July 4 – The cannons of the Tower of London, still in Lancastrian hands, are fired on the city of London, which is mostly in Yorkist hands. The Tower is surrendered on July 19.[2]
- July 10 – Wars of the Roses – Battle of Northampton: Warwick and March defeat a Lancastrian army and seize King Henry VI of England.[3] It is agreed that York will be Henry's heir, disinheriting the King's son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.
- August 3 – While supervising a siege of English occupiers of Roxburgh Castle, King James II of Scotland is killed, when one of his own cannons explodes.
- December 30 – Wars of the Roses – Battle of Wakefield: A Lancastrian army under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland decisively defeats a Yorkist army under Richard of York and his son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, who are both killed. York's son Edward becomes leader of the Yorkist faction.[4]
Date unknown
- Ali Bey Mihaloğlu captures Michael Szilágyi.
- Portuguese navigator Pedro de Sintra reaches the coast of modern-day Sierra Leone.
- A famine breaks out in the Deccan Plateau of India.
- A monk, Leonardo da Pistoia, arrives in Florence from Macedonia, with the Corpus Hermeticum.
1461
January–December
- February 2 – Battle of Mortimer's Cross: Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke, in Wales.[5]
- February 17 – Second Battle of St Albans, England: The Earl of Warwick's army is defeated by a Lancastrian force under Queen Margaret, who recovers control for her husband.[6]
- March 4 – The Duke of York seizes London, and proclaims himself King Edward IV of England.
- March 5 – Wars of the Roses: Henry VI of England is deposed by Edward, Duke of York.
- March 29 – Battle of Towton: Edward IV defeats Queen Margaret, to make good his claim to the English throne (thought to be the bloodiest battle ever fought in England).
- July 10 – Stephen Tomašević becomes the last King of Bosnia, on the death of his father Stephen Thomas; he is crowned on November 17, in Saint Mary's Church, Jajce.
- June 28 – Edward, Richard of York's son, is crowned as Edward IV, King of England (reigns until 1483).
- July – Byzantine general Graitzas Palaiologos honourably surrenders Salmeniko Castle, the last garrison of the Despotate of the Morea, to invading forces of the Ottoman Empire, after a year-long siege.
- July 22 – Louis XI of France succeeds Charles VII of France as king (reigns until 1483).
- August 7 – The Ming Dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor; after setting fire to the eastern and western gates of the Imperial City, Beijing (which are doused by pouring rains during the day-long uprising), Cao Qin finds himself hemmed in on all sides by imperial forces, loses three of his own brothers in the fight, and instead of facing execution, he flees to his home in the city, and commits suicide by jumping down a well located within his walled compound.
- August 15 – The Empire of Trebizond, the last major Romano-Greek outpost, falls to the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II, after a 21-day siege.
- November 27 – 1461 L'Aquila earthquake. A severe earthquake occurs in L'Aquila.
Date unknown
- Cirencester Grammar School is founded in southwest England by the Bishop of Durham.
- Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli become students of Verrocchio.
- Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is founded by the Ottomans.
- François Villon writes Le Grand Testament.
1462
January–December
- March 27 – Ivan III of Russia becomes the ruler of Russia, following the death of his father, Vasili.[7]
- June 17 – The Night Attack: Vlad III Dracula attempts to assassinate Mehmed II, forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.
- June 30 – Battle of Seckenheim: Frederick I, Elector Palatine is victorious over four other opponents.[8]
- July 22 – The first siege of Chilia by Stephen the Great fails, and he is seriously wounded.
- September 17 – Thirteen Years' War – Battle of Świecino (Battle of Żarnowiec): The Kingdom of Poland defeats the Teutonic Order.[9]
- September – Siege of Mytilene: Mehmed II captures the town of Mytilene, thus conquering the island of Lesbos.
- December – After Radu III the Fair takes over the throne in Wallachia, Vlad III Dracula seeks help in Transylvannia, where he is captured by Mathias Corvinus, and imprisoned for the next 12 years, over false charges of treason.
Date unknown
- The Jews are expelled from Mainz, Germany.
- Portugal begins to settle the Cape Verde Islands, with slaves from the coast of Guinea.
1463
January–December
- January 5 – French poet François Villon receives a reprieve from death by hanging, and is banished from Paris (his further life is undocumented).
- May – The Kingdom of Bosnia falls to the Ottoman Empire.
- September 15 – Battle of Vistula Lagoon: The navy of the Prussian Confederation defeats that of the Teutonic Order.
- October 8 – The Truce of Hesdin ends French support for the House of Lancaster in England.[10]
Date unknown
- Muhammad Rumfa starts to rule in Kano.
- Corpus Hermeticum is translated into Latin, by Marsilio Ficino.
- The fabled London Massacre occurs.
1464
January–December
- April 25 – Battle of Hedgeley Moor in England: Yorkist forces under John Neville defeat the Lancastrians under Sir Ralph Percy, who is killed.[11]
- May 1 – Edward IV of England secretly marries Elizabeth Woodville, and keeps the marriage a secret for five months afterwards.[11]
- May 15 – Battle of Hexham: Neville defeats another Lancastrian army, this one led by King Henry and Queen Margaret themselves. This marks the end of organized Lancastrian resistance for several years.[12]
- June 11 – A 15-year-truce between the kingdoms of England and Scotland is signed.[11]
- June 18 – Pope Pius II himself shoulders the cross of the Crusades, and departs for Ancona to participate in person. He names Skanderbeg general captain of the Holy See, under the title Athleta Christi. This plan forces Skanderbeg to break his ten-year peace treaty with the Ottomans signed in 1463, by attacking their forces near Ohrid.
- June 23 – Christian I of Denmark and Norway, who is also serving as King of Sweden, is declared deposed from the latter throne. His deposed predecessor Charles VIII of Sweden is re-elected to the throne on August 9.
- August 21 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan abdicates, and is succeeded by his son, Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.
- August 30 – Pope Paul II succeeds Pope Pius II, as the 211th pope.[13]
Date unknown
- In China, a small rebellion occurs in the interior province of Huguang, during the Ming Dynasty; a subsequent rebellion springs up in Guangxi, where a rebellion of the Miao people and Yao people forces the Ming throne to respond, by sending 30,000 troops (including 1,000 Mongol cavalry) to aid the 160,000 local troops stationed in the region, to crush the rebellion that will end in 1466.[14][15]
- Jehan Lagadeuc writes a Breton-French-Latin dictionary called the Catholicon. It is the first French dictionary as well as the first Breton dictionary of world history, and it will be published in 1499.
- Tenguella, the founder of the Empire of Great Fulo, becomes chief of the Fula people.
1465
January–December
- January 24 – Chilia is conquered by Stephen the Great of Moldavia, following a second siege.
- January 29 – Amadeus IX becomes Duke of Savoy.
- January 30 – Charles VIII of Sweden is deposed. Clergyman Kettil Karlsson Vasa becomes Regent of Sweden.
- c. March – Queens' College, Cambridge, is refounded by Elizabeth Woodville.
- July 16 – Battle of Montlhéry: Troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of great nobles, organized as the League of the Public Weal.[16]
- July 18 – Former King Henry VI of England is captured by Yorkist forces. On July 24 he is imprisoned in the Tower of London. His queen consort Margaret of Anjou and Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, have fled to France.[17]
- August 11 – In Sweden, Regent Kettil Karlsson Vasa, Bishop of Linköping, is succeeded as Regent by Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna.
Date unknown
- The Moroccan Revolt in Fez ousts the Maranid rulers, and leads to the killing of many Jews.
- Massive flooding in central and southern China motivates the initial construction of hundreds of new bridges.
- The main altar of St Martin's Church, Colmar is finished by painter Caspar Isenmann.
1466
- The Kingdom of Georgia collapses into anarchy, and fragments into rival states of Kartli, Kakheti, Imereti, Samtskhe-Saatabago and a number of principalities; this breakup is finalised in 1490, when Constantine II of Georgia has to recognize his rival monarchies.
- The Mentelin Bible, the first printed German language Bible, is produced.
- Louis XI of France introduces silk weaving to Lyon.[18]
- The first known shop specialising in eyeglasses opens in Strasbourg.
- The second largest bell of Saint Peter's Church, Fritzlar in Hesse is cast by Meister Goswin aus Fritzlar.
1467
January–December
- June 15 – Philip the Good is succeeded as Duke of Burgundy, by Charles the Bold.
- October 29 – Battle of Brustem: Charles the Bold defeats the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
- October 30 or November 11 – Battle of Chapakchur: Uzun Hasan defeats Jahan Shah.
- November 12 – Regent of Sweden Erik Axelsson Tott supports the re-election of deposed Charles VIII of Sweden to the throne.
- December 15 – Battle of Baia: Troops under Stephen III of Moldavia decisively defeat the forces of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, at Baia (present-day Romania). This is the last Hungarian attempt to subdue the Principality of Moldavia.
Date unknown
- Third Siege of Krujë: A few months after the failure of the second siege, Mehmed II leads another unsuccessful Ottoman invasion of Albania.
- The Ōnin War (1467–1477), which initiates the Sengoku period (1467–1615) in Japan, begins.
- While Hassan III of the Maldives is on Hajj, Sayyidh Muhammad deposes his son, acting regent. On his return, Hassan regains the throne.
- Some papal abbreviators are arrested and tortured on the orders of Pope Paul II, among them Filippo Buonaccorsi.
- King Matthias Corvinus founds the first university in Slovakia, the Universitas Istropolitana in Bratislava.
- The first European polyalphabetic cipher is invented by Leon Battista Alberti (approximate date).
- Juan de Torquemada's book, Meditationes, seu Contemplationes devotissimae, is published.[19]
1468
January–December
- June 30 – Catherine Cornaro is married by proxy to James II of Cyprus, beginning the Venetian conquest of Cyprus.
- August 26 – Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob, as Emperor of Ethiopia.
- October 14 – The Treaty of Péronne is signed by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis XI of France.[20]
- October 30 – Troops of Charles the Bold conduct the Sack of Liège.
Date unknown
- The Lancastrians surrender Harlech Castle to King Edward IV of England after a seven-year siege.
- The Great Council of the Republic of Venice attempts to curb the power of the Council of Ten through legislation restricting them to acting on emergency matters.
- Orkney is pledged by Christian I, in his capacity as King of Norway, as security against the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to James III of Scotland. As the money is never paid, the connection with the crown of Scotland becomes perpetual.
- Fire breaks out at Metz Cathedral in France.
- Sonni Ali, king of the Songhai Empire, takes power over Timbuktu.
1469
January–December
- February 4 – Battle of Qarabagh: Uzun Hasan decisively defeats the Timurids of Abu Sa'id Mirza.
- July 24 – Battle of Edgcote: Yorkists are defeated and, in the aftermath, King Edward IV of England is taken prisoner.[21]
- August–October – Caister Castle in England is besieged by John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk.
- October 19 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile in Valladolid, bringing about a dynastic union.[22]
Date unknown
- Sigismund of Austria sells Upper-Elsass (Alsace) to Charles the Bold, in exchange for aid in a war against the Swiss.
- Moctezuma I, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, dies and is succeeded by Axayacatl.
- Anglo-Hanseatic War breaks out.
- Marsilio Ficino completes his translation of the collected works of Plato, writes Commentary on Plato's Symposium on Love, and starts to work on Platonic Theology.
Significant people
- Charles I (the Bold) (1433–1477), Duke of Burgundy, r. 1467–1477
- Jean Fouquet of France (1420–1481), painter
- Francis II (1433–1488), Duke of Brittany, r. 1458–1488
- Gendun Drup of Tibet (1391–1474), First Dalai Lama
- Diogo Gomes of Portugal (1420–1485), navigator, explorer and writer
- Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz (1395?–1468), printer and inventor of the movable type printing press
- Henry the Navigator of Portugal (1394–1460), Portuguese prince and patron of exploration
- William Herbert of Wales (1423–1469), Pro-York nobleman
- Sir Thomas Malory of England (1405?–1471), soldier, member of Parliament, political prisoner, and author of Le Morte d'Arthur
- Richard Neville of England (1428–1471), nobleman, administrator, and military commander
- Demetrios Palaiologos of Morea (1407–1470), Byzantine Prince and Despot of Morea
- Thomas Palaiologos of Morea (1409–1465), Byzantine Prince and Despot of Morea
- Philip III (the Good) (1396–1467), Duke of Burgundy, r. 1419–1467
- Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester (1452–1483), English Prince, Yorkist commander, and future King of England
- Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York of England (1411-1460), nobleman, military commander, and Yorkist claimant to the Throne of England
- Mar Shimun IV, Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East (Patriarchate then based in Mosul), held position 1437–1497
- Tlacaelel (1397-1487), Tlacochcalcatl of the Aztec Empire
- Jasper Tudor of Wales (c.1431–1495), nobleman and adventurer
- Owen Tudor of Wales (c.1400–1461), soldier and courtier at the court of the English Kings
- Andrea del Verrocchio of Florence (1435–1488), painter, sculptor, and goldsmith
Births
1460
- May 8 – Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1536)
- June 1 – Enno I, Count of East Frisia (1466–1491) (d. 1491)
- September 29 – Louis II de la Trémoille, French military leader (d. 1525)
- date unknown
- Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer (d. 1524)
- Isabella Hoppringle, Scottish abbess and spy (d. 1538)
- Svante Nilsson, regent of Sweden (d. 1512)
- Ana de Mendonça, Spanish courtier (d. 1542)
- Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley, English nobleman (d. 1532)
- probable
- Antoine Brumel, Flemish composer (d. 1515)
- Tristão da Cunha, Portuguese explorer (d. 1540)
- Katarzyna Weiglowa, Jewish martyr (d. 1539)
- Gwerful Mechain, Welsh erotic poet (d. 1502)
- Konstanty Ostrogski, Grand Hetman of Lithuania (d. 1530)
- Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (d. 1531)
- Arnolt Schlick, German organist and composer (d. after 1521)
- Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, English nobleman (d. 1526)
- Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador (d. 1527)
- Ponce de Leon, Spanish conquistador
1461
- February 6 – Džore Držić, Croatian poet and playwright (d. 1501)
- February 19 – Domenico Grimani, Italian nobleman (d. 1523)
- March 11 – Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Duke of the Infantado, Spanish noble (d. 1531)[23]
- April 3 – Anne of France, French princess regent, eldest daughter of Louis XI of France and Charlotte of Savoy (d. 1522)
- May 3 – Raffaele Riario, Italian cardinal (d. 1521)
- May 25 – Zanobi Acciaioli, librarian of the Vatican (d. 1519)
- August 5 – Alexander Jagiellon, King of Poland (d. 1506)[24]
- September 15 – Jacopo Salviati, Italian politician and son-in-law of Lorenzo de' Medici (d. 1533)
- October 1 – Amalie of Brandenburg, Countess Palatine and Duchess of Zweibruecken and Veldenz (d. 1481)
- December 28 – Louise of Savoy, Nun (d. 1503)
- date unknown
- Alessandro Alessandri, Italian jurist (d. 1523)
- Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1510)
- Nicholas West, English bishop and diplomat (d. 1533)
1462
- January 2 – Piero di Cosimo, Italian artist (d. 1522)[25]
- January 8 – Walraven II van Brederode, Dutch noble (d. 1531)
- February 1 – Johannes Trithemius, German scholar and cryptographer (d. 1516)
- February 21 – Joanna la Beltraneja, princess of Castile (d. 1530)
- May 19 – Baccio D'Agnolo, Italian woodcarver, sculptor and architect (d. 1543)
- May 31 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1489–1503) (d. 1504)
- June 27 – Louis XII of France, King of France (1498–1515), King of Naples (1501–1504) (d. 1515)[26]
- July 21 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (d. 1530)
- September 8 – Henry Medwall, first known English vernacular dramatist (d. 1501)[27]
- September 16 – Pietro Pomponazzi, Italian philosopher (d. 1525)
- September 26 – Engelbert, Count of Nevers, younger son of John I (d. 1506)
- November 26 – Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Count of Veldenz (1489–1514) (d. 1514)
- date unknown
- Jodocus Badius, Flemish printer (d. 1535)
- probable – Edmund Dudley, minister of Henry VII of England (d. 1510)
1463
- January 17
- Antoine Duprat, French cardinal (d. 1535)
- Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (d. 1525)
- February 24 – Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher (d. 1494)[28]
- June 14 – Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German noble (d. 1514)
- August 4 – Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, Florentine patron of the arts (d. 1503)
- September 29 – Louis I, Count of Löwenstein and founder of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim (d. 1523)
- October 20 or October 29 – Alessandro Achillini, Bolognese philosopher (d. 1512)[29]
- November 29 – Andrea della Valle, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1534)
- December 25 – Johann of Schwarzenberg, German judge and poet (d. 1528)
- date unknown – Caterina Sforza, countess and regent of Forli (d. 1509)[30]
1464
- April 23
- Robert Fayrfax, English Renaissance composer (d. 1521)
- Joan of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1505)
- May 6 – Sophia Jagiellon, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Polish princess (d. 1512)
- May 30 – Barbara of Brandenburg, Bohemian queen (d. 1515)
- June 27 – Ernst II of Saxony, Archbishop of Magdeburg (1476–1513) and Administrator of Halberstadt (1480–1513) (d. 1513)
- July 1 – Clara Gonzaga, Italian noble (d. 1503)
- November 19 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (d. 1526)
- date unknown
- Nezahualpilli, Aztec ruler (d. 1515)
- Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers (d. 1534)
1465
- January 1 – Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief, Scottish clan chief (d. 1523)
- February 4 – Frans van Brederode, Dutch rebel (d. 1490)
- February 6 – Scipione del Ferro, Italian mathematician (d. 1526)[31]
- March 16 – Kunigunde of Austria, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1520)
- June 10 – Mercurino Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (d. 1530)
- June 24 – Isabella del Balzo, queen consort of Naples (d. 1533)
- July 29 – Ichijō Fuyuyoshi, Japanese court noble (d. 1514)
- August 17 – Philibert I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1482)
- September 11 – Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (d. 1536)
- October 14 – Konrad Peutinger, German humanist and antiquarian (d. 1547)
- December 11 – Ashikaga Yoshihisa, Japanese shōgun (d. 1489)
- date unknown
- Şehzade Ahmet, oldest son of Sultan Bayezid II (d. 1513)
- Hector Boece, Scottish historian (d. 1536)[32]
- William Cornysh, English composer (d. 1523)
- Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Spanish conquistador (d. 1524)
- probable
- Gil Vicente, Portuguese poet and playwright
- Francisco Álvares, Portuguese missionary and explorer (d. 1541))
- Mette Dyre, Danish noblewoman, nominal sheriff and chancellor
- Johann Tetzel, German Dominican priest (d. 1519)[33]
1466
- February 11 – Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII of England (d. 1503)[34]
- May 22 – Marino Sanuto the Younger, Italian historian (d. 1536)
- June 18 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian music printer (d. 1539)
- July 5 – Giovanni Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1510)
- August 10 – Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (d. 1519)
- September 9 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (d. 1523)
- October 28 – Erasmus, Dutch philosopher (d. 1536)[35]
- November 16 – Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Florentine philosopher (d. 1522)
- November 26 – Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings, English noble (d. 1506)
- November 30 – Andrea Doria, Genoese condottiero and admiral (d. 1560)[36]
- Probable – Moctezuma II, Aztec Tlatoani (ruler) of Tenochtitlán (modern Mexico City), 1502–1520, son of Axayacatl (d. 1520)[37]
1467
- January – John Colet, English churchman and educational pioneer (d. 1519)
- January 1
- Philip of Cleves, Bishop of Nevers, Amiens, Autun (d. 1505)
- Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (d. 1548)
- January 4
- Henry the Younger of Stolberg, Stadtholder of Friesland (1506–1508) (d. 1508)
- Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1511–1538) (d. 1538)
- January 26 – Guillaume Budé, French scholar (d. 1540)
- February 2 – Columba of Rieti, Italian Dominican tertiary Religious Sister (d. 1501)
- March 19 – Bartolomeo della Rocca, Italian scholar (d. 1504)
- March 21 – Caritas Pirckheimer, German nun (d. 1532)
- May 8 – Adalbert of Saxony, Administrator of Mainz (1482–1484) (d. 1484)
- May 31 – Sibylle of Brandenburg, Duchess of Jülich and Berg (d. 1524)
- August 11 – Mary of York, daughter of King Edward IV of England (d. 1482)
- August 25 – Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque, Spanish duke (d. 1526)
- October 21 – Giovanni il Popolano, Italian diplomat (d. 1498)
- November 9
- Charles II, Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen from 1492 (d. 1538)
- Philippa of Guelders, twin sister of Charles, Duke of Guelders, Duchess consort of Lorraine (d. 1547)
- November 25 – Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre, Knight of Henry VIII of England (d. 1525)
- date unknown
- John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, English translator (d. 1553)
- Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Polish nobleman (d. 1532)
- John Yonge, English ecclesiastic and diplomatist (d. 1516)
- probable – William Latimer, English churchman and scholar (d. 1545)
1468
- February 29 – Pope Paul III (d. 1549)[38]
- March 28 – Charles I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1490)
- April 27 – Frederick Jagiellon, Primate of Poland (d. 1503)
- May 31 – Philip, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (d. 1500)
- June 30 – John, Elector of Saxony (1525–1532) (d. 1532)[39]
- July 24 – Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1524)
- August 3 – Albert I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Count of Kladsko (d. 1511)
- August 26 – Bernardo de' Rossi, Italian bishop (d. 1527)
- December 21 – William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, English baron (d. 1524)
- date unknown
- Marino Ascanio Caracciolo, Italian cardinal (d. 1538)
- Mir Chakar Khan Rind, Baloch chieftain (d. 1565)
- Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish Franciscan prelate and first bishop of Mexico (d. 1548)
- probable – Alonso de Ojeda, Spanish conquistador and explorer (d. 1515)
1469
- February 13 – Elia Levita, Renaissance Hebrew grammarian (d. 1549)
- February 20 – Thomas Cajetan, Italian philosopher (d. 1534)
- March 20 – Cecily of York, English princess (d. 1507)
- November 29 – Guru Nanak, Indian Sikh guru (d. 1539)[40]
- April 29 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1509)
- May 3 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian historian and political author (d. 1527)[41]
- May 31 – King Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)
- June 20 – Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1494)
- August 4 – Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1528)
- August 26 – King Ferdinand II of Naples (d. 1496)
- date unknown
- John III of Navarre (d. 1516)
- Silvio Passerini, Italian politician (d. 1529)
- Laura Cereta, Italian humanist and feminist (d. 1499)
- probable – Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer (d. 1524)
Deaths
1460
- February 29 – Albert III, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (b. 1401)
- July 10
- Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English military leader (b. 1402)
- John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (b. c. 1413)
- Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont, English baron (b. 1422)
- July 19 – Lord Scales, English commander (b. 1397)
- August 3 – King James II of Scotland (b. 1430)[42]
- September 20 – Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer (b. c. 1400)
- September 25 – Katharina of Hanau, German countess regent (b. 1408)
- November 13 – Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (b. 1394)
- December 14 – Guarino da Verona, Italian humanist (b. 1370)
- December 30
- Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (b. 1443)
- Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, claimant to the English throne (in battle) (b. 1411)[43]
- December 31 – Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, English politician (executed) (b. 1400)
- date unknown
- Francesco II Acciaioli, last Duke of Athens (murdered by consent)
- Israel Isserlein, Austrian Jewish scholar (b. 1390)
- Reginald Pecock, deposed Welsh bishop and writer (b. c. 1392)
1461
- February 2 – Owen Tudor, Welsh founder of the Tudor dynasty (executed)
- March 28 – John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford (in battle)
- March 29
- April 8 – Georg von Peuerbach, Austrian astronomer (b. 1423)
- May 15 – Domenico Veneziano, Italian painter (b. c. 1410)
- July 22 – King Charles VII of France (b. 1403)[44]
- September 21 – Sophia of Halshany, queen consort of Poland (b. 1405)
- September 23 – Charles, Prince of Viana, King of Navarre (b. 1421)
- October 7 – Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, follower of Joan of Arc (b. c. 1390)
- November 6 – John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (b. 1415)
- probable – Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow
1462
- February 23 – Thomas Tuddenham, English landowner (b. 1401)
- February 26 – John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (b. 1408)[45]
- February 27 – Władysław II of Płock, Polish noble (b. 1448)
- March 27 – Vasily II of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow (b. 1415)
- March 31 – Isidore II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
- April 26 – William Percy, medieval Bishop of Carlisle (b. 1428)
- April 28 – Ulrich II. of Rosenberg, Czech noble and politic (b. January 13 1403)
- August 26 – Catherine Zaccaria, Despotess of the Morea
- September 17 – Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse, German royalty (b. 1420)
- November 11 – Anne of Cyprus, Italian noble (b. 1418)
- November 13 – Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia, consort of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (b. 1432)
- November 25 – John Stourton, 1st Baron Stourton, English baron (b. 1400)
- date unknown
- King Esen Buqa II of Moghulistan
- Niccolò Gattilusio, last Prince of Lesbos
- Dài Jìn, Chinese painter (b. 1388)
1463
Saint Catherine of Bologna
.png.webp)
Infanta Catherine of Portugal
.jpg.webp)
- March 9 – Catherine of Bologna, Italian Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1413)[46]
- May 25 – King Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia (beheaded)
- June 4 – Flavio Biondo, Italian humanist (b. 1392)
- June 17 – Infanta Catherine of Portugal, religious sister (b. 1436)
- September 23 – Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1421)
- November 1 – Emperor David of Trebizond (b. c. 1408)
- November 15 – Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto and Constable of Naples (b. 1393)
- November 18 – John IV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1437)
- November 29 – Marie of Anjou, queen of France, spouse of Charles VII of France (b. 1404)[47]
- December 2 – Albert VI, Archduke of Austria (b. 1418)
- December 16 – Sir Philip Courtenay, British noble (b. 1404)
- date unknown
- Jacob Gaón, Jewish Basque tax collector (beheaded by the mob)
- Ponhea Yat, last king of the Khmer Empire and first king of Cambodia (b. 1394)
1464
- January – Desiderio da Settignano, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1428 or 1430)
- February 23 – Zhengtong Emperor of China (b. 1427)
- March 8 – Catherine of Poděbrady, Hungarian queen consort (b. 1449)
- May 15 – Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (executed) (b. 1436)
- May 17 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English politician (executed) (b. 1427)
- May 25 – Charles I, Count of Nevers (b. 1414)
- June 18 – Rogier van der Weyden, Flemish painter (b. 1399 or 1400)
- August 1 – Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (b. 1389)
- August 11 – Nicholas of Cusa, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1401)
- August 12 – John Capgrave, English historian and theologian (b. 1393)
- August 14 – Pope Pius II (b. 1405)[13]
- September 7 – Otto III, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1460–1464) (b. 1444)
- September 23 – Bernardo Rossellino, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1409)
- September 26 – Benedetto Accolti the Elder, Italian jurist and historian (b. 1415)
- November 16 – John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (b. 1406)
- November 23 – Blessed Margaret of Savoy (b. 1382 or 1390)
- December 2 – Blanche II of Navarre (b. 1424)
- date unknown – Fra Mauro, Venetian Camaldolese monk, cartographer and accountant (b. c. 1400)
1465
- January 5 – Charles, Duke of Orléans, French poet (b. 1394)[48]
- January 14 – Thomas Beckington, English statesman and prelate
- January 29 – Louis, Duke of Savoy (b. 1413)
- March 30 – Isabella of Clermont, queen consort of Naples (b. c. 1424)
- April 30 – Jacob of Juterbogk, German theologian (b. c. 1381)
- May 12 – Thomas Palaiologos, claimant to Byzantine throne (b. 1409)[49]
- August 11 – Kettil Karlsson, regent of Sweden and Bishop of Linköping (plague; b. 1433)
- August 14 – Abd al-Haqq II, last Marinid Sultan of Morocco (b.1419)
- September 25 – Isabella of Bourbon, countess consort of Charolais, spouse of Charles the Bold (b. c. 1434)
- November 20 – Malatesta Novello, Italian condottiero (b. 1418)
- date unknown – John Hardyng, English chronicler (b. 1378)
1466
- February 23 – Girishawardhana Dyah Suryawikrama, 9th Maharaja of Majapahit
- March 6 – Alvise Loredan, Venetian admiral and statesman (b. 1393)
- March 8 – Francesco I Sforza, Duke of Milan (b. 1401)[50]
- August – Hacı I Giray, first ruler of the Crimean Khanate (b. 1397)
- October 30 – Johann Fust, German printer (b. c. 1400)
- December 13 – Donatello, Italian artist (b. 1386)[51]
- Date unknown
- Barbara Manfredi, Italian noblewoman (b. 1444)
- Isotta Nogarola, Italian writer and intellectual (b. 1418)[52]
- Nicolaus Zacharie, Italian composer (b. c. 1400)
1467
- March 13 – Vettore Cappello, Venetian statesman
- March 29 – Matthew Palaiologos Asen, Byzantine aristocrat and official
- April 20 – Dorotea Gonzaga, Italian noble (b. 1449)
- April 30 – John, Count of Angoulême (b. 1399)
- June 15 – Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1396)
- September 3 – Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1434)
- December 12 – Jošt of Rožmberk, Bishop of Breslau, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John (b. 1430)
- December 15 – Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, archbishop and Regent of Sweden (b. 1417)
- date unknown
- Maria of Tver, Grand Princess consort of Muscovy, spouse of Ivan III of Russia (b. 1447)
- Peter III Aaron, prince of Moldavia
- Jahan Shah, leader of Turkmen
- Khan Xälil of Kazan
1468
- February 3 – Johannes Gutenberg, inventor of printing press with replaceable letters (b. c.1398)[53]
- March 12 – Astorre II Manfredi, Italian noble (b. 1412)
- September 23 – Sejo of Joseon, King of Joseon (b. 1417)
- June 10 – Idris Imad al-Din, supreme leader of Tayyibi Isma'ilism, scholar and historian (b. 1392)[54]
- June 14 – Margaret Beauchamp, countess of Shrewsbury
- June 30 – Lady Eleanor Talbot, English noblewoman
- July 5 – Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (b. 1453)
- September 26 – Juan de Torquemada, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1388)[55]
- October 7 – Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, lord of Rimini (b. 1417)
- October 28 – Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan (b. 1425)
- November 24 – Jean de Dunois, French soldier (b. 1402)
- December 6 – Zanobi Strozzi, Italian painter (b. 1412)
- date unknown
- Joanot Martorell, Spanish writer (b. 1419)[56]
- Francesco Squarcione, Italian artist b(1377)
- Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1399)
- Pomellina Fregoso, Monegaque regent (b. 1388
1469
- May 30 – Lope de Barrientos, powerful Castilian bishop and statesman (b. 1382)
- August 12 – Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers (executed) (b. 1405)
- September 25 – Margaret of Brittany, Breton duchess consort (b. 1443)
- October 8/10 – Filippo Lippi, Italian artist (b. 1406)[57]
- December 2 – Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (b. 1416)
- December 31 – King Yejong of Joseon (b. 1450)
- date unknown
- Abu Sa'id Mirza, ruler of Persia and Afghanistan (b. 1424)
- Niccolò Da Conti, Italian merchant and explorer (b. 1395)
- Andrew Gray, 1st Lord Gray (b. c. 1390)
- Moctezuma I, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, son of Huitzilihuitl (b. 1390)[58]
References
- Peter Burley; Michael Elliot; Harvey Watson (9 September 2013). The Battles of St Albans. Pen and Sword. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-84415-569-9.
- Bennett, Vanora. "London and the Wars of the Roses". Archived from the original on September 14, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 183–185. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- Philip A. Haigh (1996). The Battle of Wakefield, 30 December 1460. Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-1342-3.
- Peter Reid (2007). By Fire and Sword: The Rise and Fall of English Supremacy at Arms, 1314-1485. Constable. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-84529-526-4.
- Peter Burley; Michael Elliott; Harvey Watson (9 September 2013). The Battles of St Albans. Pen and Sword. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-4738-1903-0.
- John Stevens Cabot Abbott (1882). The Empire of Russia: Its Rise and Present Power. Dodd, Mead. p. 167.
- Hans Delbrück (1975). History of the Art of War Within the Framework of Political History: The Germans. Greenwood Press. p. 595. ISBN 978-0-8371-8163-9.
- Beata Możejko (16 September 2019). Peter von Danzig: The Story of a Great Caravel, 1462-1475. BRILL. p. 55. ISBN 978-90-04-40844-9.
- Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 128–131. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 128–131. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Clive Kristen (10 June 2014). Battle Trails of Northumbria. Andrews UK Limited. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-84989-438-8.
- Johann Carl Ludwig Gieseler; John C. L. Gieseler (1855). A Text-book of Church History: A.D. 1305-1517. Harper. pp. 265–.
- Bowman, John Stewart (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture - Google Books. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231110044. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- Beck, Sanderson (2010). "Ming Empire 1368-1644 by Sanderson Beck". san.beck.org. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- Christina J. Moose (2005). Great Events from History: The Renaissance & early modern era, 1454-1600. Salem Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-58765-215-8.
- Medieval History. Headstart History. 1991. p. 79.
- Burke, James (1978). Connections. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-24827-9.
- "Meditations, or the Contemplations of the Most Devout". World Digital Library. 1479. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
- Philippe de Commynes (1892). The Memoirs of Philip de Commines, Lord of Argenton: Containing the Histories of Louis XI, and Charles VIII. Kings of France and of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. G. Bell and Sons. p. 130.
- Keith Dockray (1999). Edward IV: A Sourcebook. Sutton Pub. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7509-1942-5.
- Norman Davies (2011). Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe. Penguin Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-14-196048-7.
- "Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Figueroa". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 18, 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
- Cullman, Peter Simonstein (2006). History of the Jewish Community of Schneidemühl: 1641 to the Holocaust. Avotaynu. p. 14. ISBN 9781886223271.
- Dennis Geronimus (1 January 2006). Piero Di Cosimo: Visions Beautiful and Strange. Yale University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-300-10911-3.
- Philippe de Commynes (1856). The Memoirs of Philippe de Commines, Lord of Argenton. Henry G. Bohn. p. 97.
- Nelson, Alan H. (2004). "Medwall, Henry (b. 1462, d. after 1501)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18504. Retrieved 2015-07-27. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Clayton J. Drees (2001). The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 400. ISBN 978-0-313-30588-7.
- Herbert Stanley Matsen (1974). Alessandro Achillini (1463-1512) and His Doctrine of "universals" and "transcendentals": A Study in Renaissance Ockhamism. Bucknell University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8387-1221-4.
- Milligan, Gerry (2018). Moral Combat: Women, Gender, and War in Italian Renaissance Literature. University of Toronto Press. p. 174. ISBN 9781487503147.
- Tucker McElroy (14 May 2014). A to Z of Mathematicians. Infobase Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-4381-0921-3.
- "Boece [Boethius], Hector (c. 1465–1536), historian and college head". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2760. Retrieved 21 January 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Hans Joachim Hillerbrand (1996). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3.
- "Gregory XIV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- Joy Palmer; Liora Bresler; David Cooper (11 September 2002). Fifty Major Thinkers on Education: From Confucius to Dewey. Routledge. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-134-73594-5.
- Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. 1991. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-16-002055-1.
- "Moctezuma II" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019. |
- "Paul III | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- "John | elector of Saxony". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (2004). Sikhism. Infobase Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4381-1779-9.
- Niccolò Machiavelli (1882). The historical, political, and diplomatic writings of Niccolo Machiavelli, tr. by C.E. Detmold. p. 16.
- Trevor Royle (2009). The Road to Bosworth Field: A New History of the Wars of the Roses. Little, Brown. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-316-72767-9.
- "Richard, 3rd duke of York | English noble". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc (1997). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-85229-633-2.
- "Saint Catherine of Bologna | Italian mystic". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- Frank Hamel (1910). The Dauphines of France. S. Paul & Company. p. 65.
- The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. H.G. Allen. 1890. p. 852.
- Donald M. Nicol (30 August 1984). The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-521-26190-6.
- "Francesco Sforza | duke of Milan [1401–1466]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
- "Donatello | Italian sculptor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
- Tom Streissguth, The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance (Farmington Hills, Michigan: Greenhaven Press, 2008), pp. 229–30.
- Philip B. Meggs (9 September 1998). A History of Graphic Design. Wiley. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-471-29198-5.
- Qutbuddin, Tahera (2018). "Idrīs ʿImād al-Dīn". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32368. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Kenneth Meyer Setton (1976). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571. American Philosophical Society. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-87169-127-9.
- Mediaevalia. Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton. 2000. p. 68.
- Kathleen Kuiper (2009). The 100 Most Influential Painters & Sculptors of the Renaissance. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-61530-004-4.
- "Moctezuma I el Grande" [Moctezuma I the Great] (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas.com. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.