1824–25 United States Senate elections

The 1824–25 United States Senate Elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1824 and 1825, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

1824–25 United States Senate elections
Dates vary by state
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian
Seats won 8 10
Seats after 25 20
Seat change Increase 25 Increase 20
Seats up 0 0
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 44 seats 3 seats
Seats before 43 5
Seat change Decrease 43 Decrease 5
Seats up 15 1
Results:
     Jacksonian Hold      Jacksonian Gain
     Anti-Jacksonian Hold      Anti-Jacksonian Gain
     Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election


Democratic-Republican

 Elected Majority Party


Jacksonian

The Jacksonians gained a majority over the Anti-Jacksonian National Republican Party.

Results summary

Senate party division, 19th Congress (1825–1827)

  • Majority party: Jacksonian (26)
  • Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (22)
  • Total seats: 48

Change in composition

Before the elections
  DR1 DR1 DR3 DR4
DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5
DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24
Majority →
DR34
Ohio
Ran
new party		 DR33
N.C.
Ran
new party		 DR32
Mo.
Ran
new party		 DR31
Md.
Ran
new party		 DR30
La.
Ran
new party		 DR29
Conn.
Ran
new party		 DR28 DR27 DR26 DR25
DR35
S.C.
Ran
new party		 DR36
Ala.
Unknown		 DR37
Ga.
Unknown		 DR38
Ill.
Unknown		 DR39
Ky.
Unknown		 DR40
N.H.
Unknown		 DR41
Ind.
Retired		 DR42
Pa.
Retired		 DR43
Vt.
Retired		 Fa5
N.Y.
Retired
  Fa1 Fa2 Fa3 Fa4

Election results
  DR1 DR1 DR3 DR4
DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5
DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24
Majority →
AJ6
Pa.
Gain		 AJ5
Ohio
Gain		 AJ4
Ind.
Gain		 AJ3
Vt.
Re-elected
new party		 AJ2
Mo.
Re-elected
new party		 AJ1
La.
Re-elected
new party		 DR28 DR27 DR26 DR25
V1
Conn.
DR Loss		 V2
N.Y.
F Loss		 J8
N.H.
Gain		 J7
Ky.
Gain		 J6
Ill.
Gain		 J5
Ga.
Gain		 J4
Ala.
Gain		 J3
S.C.
Re-elected
new party		 J2
N.C.
Re-elected
new party		 J1
Md.
Re-elected
new party
  Fa1 Fa2 Fa3 Fa4

Beginning of the next Congress
  AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4
AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5
AJ15 AJ16 AJ17 AJ18 AJ19 AJ20 V1 V2 V3 J25
Majority → J24
J15 J16 J17 J18 J19 J20 J21 J22 J23
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
  J1 J2 J3 J4
Key:
18th Congress 19th Congress
DR# Democratic-Republican AJ# Anti-Jacksonian
F# Federalist J# Jacksonian
  V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 18th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1824 or before March 4, 1825; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware
(Class 2)		 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Incumbent re-elected late January 9, 1824.
Federalist gain.
Delaware
(Class 1)		 Vacant Caesar A. Rodney (DR) had resigned January 29, 1823 in the previous Congress.
Successor elected January 13, 1824.
Federalist gain.
Louisiana
(Class 3)		 James Brown Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent resigned December 10, 1823 to become U.S. Minister to France.
Successor elected January 15, 1824.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor later re-elected, see below.
Connecticut
(Class 2)		 Henry W. Edwards Democratic-Republican 1823 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected May 5, 1824.
Louisiana
(Class 2)		 Henry Johnson Democratic-Republican 1818 (Appointed)
1823 (special)		 Incumbent resigned May 27, 1824 to become Governor of Louisiana.
Successor elected November 19, 1824.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Illinois
(Class 3)		 Ninian Edwards Democratic-Republican 1818
1819		 Incumbent resigned March 3, 1824.
Successor elected November 24, 1824 on the third ballot, but not to next term.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Georgia
(Class 2)		 Nicholas Ware Democratic-Republican 1821 (special)
1823		 Incumbent died September 7, 1824.
Successor elected December 6, 1824.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia
(Class 2)		 John Taylor Democratic-Republican 1792 (special)
1793		 Died August 21, 1824.
Successor elected December 7, 1824.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Races leading to the 19th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1825 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama William Kelly Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction) 1822 (special) Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1824.[8]
Jacksonian gain.
Connecticut James Lanman Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) 1818 Incumbent re-elected in 1824[9] but disqualified.
Democratic-Republican loss.
Georgia John Elliott Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) 1819 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1824.[10]
Jacksonian gain.
Illinois Ninian Edwards Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1818
1819		 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1824 on the tenth ballot.[11]
Jacksonian gain.
Indiana Waller Taylor Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1816
1818		 Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot.[12]
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Kentucky Isham Talbot Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1815 (special)
1819 (Lost or retired)
1820 (special)		 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1824.[13]
Jacksonian gain.
Louisiana Josiah S. Johnston Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1824 Incumbent re-elected in 1825 on the second ballot as an Anti-Jacksonian.[14]
Maryland Edward Lloyd Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) 1819 Incumbent re-elected in 1825 as a Jacksonian.
Missouri David Barton Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1821 Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as an Anti-Jacksonian.[16]
New Hampshire John F. Parrott Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1818 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1825 on the forty-first ballot.[lower-alpha 1][17]
Jacksonian gain.
Successor seated late March 16, 1825.
New York Rufus King Federalist (Adams-Clay faction) 1789
1795
1796 (Resigned)
1813
1819/1820		 Incumbent retired.
Vacant due to a deadlock in the New York State Legislature.[18][19]
Federalist loss.
North Carolina Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) 1815 (special)
1818		 Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as a Jacksonian.[20]
Ohio Ethan Allen Brown Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1822 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot.[21]
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Pennsylvania Walter Lowrie Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) 1818 Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in February 1825 on the thirty-second ballot.[22]
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
South Carolina John Gaillard Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) 1804 (special)
1806
1812
1818		 Incumbent re-elected in 1824 on the second ballot as a Jacksonian.[23]
Vermont William A. Palmer Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) 1818 (special)
1818		 Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1824 on the fourth ballot.[24]
Anti-Jacksonian gain.

Special elections during the 19th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1825 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Connecticut
(Class 3)		 Vacant Vacant due to credentials challenge.
Successor elected May 4, 1825.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Rhode Island
(Class 2)		 James DeWolf Anti-Jacksonian 1820 or 1821 Incumbent resigned October 31, 1825.
Successor elected October 31, 1825.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.

Alabama
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

Connecticut
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1825 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut

Delaware
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

Delaware (special, class 1)
1824 United States Senate class 1 special election in Delaware
January 13, 1824
29 members of the Delaware General Assembly
 
Candidate Thomas Clayton Henry M. Ridgely
Party Federalist Federalist
Alliance Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian
Legislative vote 19 9
Percentage 65.5% 31.0%

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Caesar A. Rodney resigned on January 29, 1823 after being appointed U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Provinces of the River Plate, an office now known as the U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, by President James Monroe. A special election was held on January 13, 1824. Federalist Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton, a Delaware State Senator and former congressman was elected to the office, beating Delaware State Representative Henry M. Ridgely, who was also a Federalist, but one with Jacksonian sympathies.

Delaware (special, class 2)
1824 United States Senate class 2 special election in Delaware
January 9, 1824
28 members of the Delaware General Assembly
 
Nominee Nicholas Van Dyke Andrew Gray
Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote 18 9
Percentage 64.3% 32.1%

The Delaware General Assembly had failed to elect a senator in the previous election cycle. Nicholas Van Dyke, the incumbent, was reelected late.

Georgia
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Illinois
See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Illinois (special)

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Ninian Edwards resigned on March 3, 1824 to become the U.S. Minister to Mexico, although he never took office. Former Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives John McLean, a Democratic-Republican was elected to take his place on November 24, 1824.

Indiana
See also: List of United States senators from Indiana

Kentucky
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Louisiana
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Louisiana (special)
1824 United States Senate special election in Louisiana
January 15, 1824
56 members of the Louisiana State Legislature
 
Candidate Josiah S. Johnston Edward Livingston
Party Democratic-Republican Democratic-Republican
Alliance Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian
Legislative vote 29 27
Percentage 51.8% 48.2%

Incumbent Democratic-Republican James Brown resigned on December 10, 1823 to become the U.S. Minister to France. A special election was held on January 15, 1824. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans but were split over loyalties to Andrew Jackson. The Anti-Jacksonian, former congressman Josiah S. Johnston narrowly defeated Jacksonian congressman Edward Livingston.

Maryland
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1825 United States Senate election in Maryland
January 25, 1825
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
 
Candidate Edward Lloyd Ezekiel F. Chambers
Party Federalist National Republican
Legislative vote 54 34
Percentage 60.67% 38.20%

Edward Lloyd won election over Ezekiel F. Chambers by a margin of 22.47%, or 20 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[26]

Missouri
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri

New Hampshire
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New York
Main article: 1825–1826 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York

North Carolina
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Ohio
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio
William Henry Harrison

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Jacksonian Ethan Allen Brown was elected in an 1822 special election following the death of William A. Trimble. He was defeated for reelection by William Henry Harrison, a former congressman and war hero, who was an Anti-Jacksonian.

Pennsylvania
Main article: 1824–1825 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Vermont
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

Virginia (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

See also

Notes
  1. There were 36 ballots in 1824 in which the New Hampshire House of Representatives and New Hampshire Senate would not agree on a U.S. senator. Balloting continued into 1825, and Woodbury was finally elected on the 5th ballot.

References
  1. "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  3. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  4. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  5. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  6. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  7. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  8. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  9. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  10. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  11. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  12. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  13. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  14. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  15. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  16. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  17. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  18. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  19. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  20. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  21. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  22. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  23. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  24. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  25. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
  26. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 25, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
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