1826–27 United States Senate elections

The 1826–27 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1826 and 1827, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

1826–27 United States Senate elections
Dates vary by state
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian
Last election 26 seats 21 seats
Seats before 26 22
Seats won 9 6
Seats after 27 20
Seat change Increase 1 Decrease 2
Seats up 8 8
Results:
     Jacksonian Hold      Jacksonian Gain
     Anti-Jacksonian Hold      Anti-Jacksonian Gain
     Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election


Jacksonian

 Elected Majority Party


Jacksonian

The majority Jacksonians gained a seat in the United States Senate. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."

Results summary

Senate party division, 20th Congress (1827–1829)

  • Majority party: Jacksonian (27)
  • Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (20–21)
  • Other parties: (0)
  • Total seats: 48

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1826.

A1 A2 A3 A4
A14
Ind.
Ran		 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5
A15
Mass.
Ran		 A16
Ohio
Ran		 A17
R.I.
Ran		 A18
Vt.
Ran		 A19
Del.
Unknown		 A20
Maine
Unknown		 A21
N.J.
Died		 V1 J26
Pa.
Retired		 J25
Conn.
Unknown
Majority →
J15 J16 J17 J18 J19
Md.
Ran		 J20
Miss.
Ran		 J21
Mo.
Ran		 J22
N.Y.
Ran		 J23
Tenn.
Ran		 J24
Va.
Ran
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4

Result of the regular elections
A1 A2 A3 A4
A14
Ind.
Re-elected		 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5
A15
Ohio
Re-elected		 A16
R.I.
Re-elected		 A17
Vt.
Re-elected		 A18
N.J.
Hold		 A19
Conn.
Gain		 V2
Mass.
A Loss		 V1 J27
Maine
Gain		 J26
Del.
Gain		 J25
Va.
Hold
Majority →
J15 J16 J17 J18 J19
Md.
Re-elected		 J20
Mo.
Re-elected		 J21
N.Y.
Re-elected		 J22
Tenn.
Re-elected		 J23
Miss.
Hold[lower-alpha 1]		 J24
Pa.
Hold
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4

Result of the special elections

Before the March 4, 1827, beginning of the new Congress.

A1 A2 A3 A4
A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5
A15 A16 A17
Md.
Gain		 A18
N.J.
Hold, same as regular		 A19
N.Y.
Gain		 A20
Mass. 2
Hold		 V1 J27
Del. (sp)
Gain		 J26
Miss. (sp)
Elected[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 1]		 J25
Ala. (sp)
Hold
Majority →
J15 J16 J17 J18 J19 J20 J21 J22 J23 J24
S.C.
Hold
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4
Key:
A# = Anti-Jacksonian
J# = Jacksonian
V# = Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 19th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1826 or before March 4, 1827; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New York
(Class 3)		 Vacant Seat vacant after an 1824 legislative deadlock.
New senator elected January 14, 1826.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Maryland
(Class 3)		 Edward Lloyd Jacksonian 1819
1825		 Incumbent resigned January 14, 1826.
New senator elected January 24, 1826.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Mississippi
(Class 1)		 Powhatan Ellis Jacksonian 1825 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected January 28, 1826.
Jacksonian hold.
Massachusetts
(Class 2)		 James Lloyd Anti-Jacksonian 1808 (special)
1808
1813 (Resigned)
1822 (special)
1822		 Incumbent resigned May 23, 1826.
New senator elected May 31, 1826.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
New Jersey
(Class 1)		 Joseph McIlvaine Anti-Jacksonian 1823 (special) Incumbent died August 19, 1826
New senator elected November 10, 1826.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Winner also elected to the next term, see below.
Alabama
(Class 3)		 Israel Pickens Jacksonian 1826 (Appointed) Interim appointee not elected to finish the term.
New senator elected November 27, 1826.
Jacksonian hold.
South Carolina
(Class 3)		 William Harper Jacksonian 1826 (Appointed) Interim appointee not elected to finish the term.
New senator elected November 29, 1826.
Jacksonian hold.
Delaware
(Class 2)		 Daniel Rodney Anti-Jacksonian 1826 (Appointed) Interim appointee not elected to finish the term.
New senator elected January 12, 1827.
Jacksonian gain.

Races leading to the 20th Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1827; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Connecticut Henry W. Edwards Jacksonian 1823 (Appointed)
1824 (special)		 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost.
New senator elected.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Delaware Thomas Clayton Anti-Jacksonian 1824 (special) Unknown if incumbent retired or lost.
New senator elected.
Jacksonian gain.
Indiana James Noble Anti-Jacksonian 1816
1821		 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine John Holmes Anti-Jacksonian 1820
1821		 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost.
New senator elected.
Jacksonian gain.
Maryland Samuel Smith Jacksonian 1802
1809
1815 (Lost)
1822 (special)		 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts Elijah H. Mills Anti-Jacksonian 1820 (special)
1820		 Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature elected late.
Anti-Jacksonian loss.		 [data missing]
Mississippi Thomas Reed Jacksonian 1826 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1826 or 1827.
Jacksonian hold.
Missouri Thomas H. Benton Jacksonian 1821 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey Joseph McIlvaine Anti-Jacksonian 1823 (special) Died August 19, 1826.
New senator elected November 10, 1826.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the preceding term, see above.
New York Martin Van Buren Jacksonian 1821 Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1827.
Ohio Benjamin Ruggles Anti-Jacksonian 1815
1821		 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania William Findlay Jacksonian 1821 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Jacksonian hold.
Rhode Island Asher Robbins Anti-Jacksonian 1825 (special) Incumbent re-elected November 2, 1826.
Tennessee John H. Eaton Jacksonian 1818 (Appointed)
1819 (special)
1821 (special)		 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont Horatio Seymour Anti-Jacksonian 1821 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia John Randolph Jacksonian 1825 (Appointed) Appointee lost election.
New senator elected.
Jacksonian hold.

Elections during the 20th Congress

In this election, the winner was seated in 1827 after the new Congress began on March 4.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Massachusetts
(Class 1)		 Vacant Vacant due to late election.
New senator elected June 8, 1827.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.

Alabama (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

Connecticut
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut

Delaware
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

Delaware had two elections: A special for the class 2 seat and a regular election for the class 1 seat. The elections flipped both seats from Anti-Jacksonian to Jacksonian.

Delaware (special)

Anti-Jacksonian senator Nicholas Van Dyke died May 21, 1826, and Anti-Jacksonian Daniel Rodney was appointed to continue the class 2 term (ending March 3, 1829) until a special election.

Jacksonian Henry M. Ridgely was elected January 12, 1827.

Delaware (regular)

Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton had served since winning an 1824 special election. It is unknown if Clayton was a candidate for re-election in 1827, but that election was won by Jacksonian Louis McLane.

Indiana
See also: List of United States senators from Indiana

Maine
See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Maryland
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

Maryland (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1826 United States Senate special election in Maryland
January 24, 1826
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
 
Candidate Ezekiel F. Chambers Philip Reed
Party National Republican Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote 49 34
Percentage 59.04% 40.96%

Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over Philip Reed by a margin of 18.07%, or 15 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[5]

Maryland (regular)
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1827 United States Senate election in Maryland
January 9, 1827
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
 
Candidate Samuel Smith Did not vote
Party Jacksonian democracy
Legislative vote 78 5
Percentage 93.98% 6.02

Samuel Smith won election by a margin of 87.95%, or 73 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[6]

Massachusetts
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Mississippi
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis had served in the class 1 seat since 1825 for the term ending March 3, 1827.

He faced a special election to finish the term and a regular election to the next term.

Mississippi (special)

Jacksonian Thomas Buck Reed was elected January 27, 1826, to finish the term, but not to the next full term.

Mississippi (regular)

Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis was elected sometime (date unknown) to the next term, and would go on to serve until 1832.

Missouri
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri

New Jersey
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

New York
Main article: 1827 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1825–1826 United States Senate election in New York

Ohio
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

Pennsylvania
Main article: 1826 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina (special)
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Tennessee
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Vermont
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

See also

Notes
  1. In Mississippi, Jacksonian appointee Powhatan Ellis lost the election to finish the term, but was elected to the next term.
  2. Appointee elected

References
  1. "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  3. J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914). Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914. State of Rhode Island manual. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 149.
  4. "STATE LEGISLATURE.: IN THE SENATE". Christian Register. Vol. 6, no. 21. June 9, 1827. p. 90.
  5. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 24, 1826". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  6. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 09, 1827". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
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