1916 United States Senate elections

Arkansas special election
	County results; Kirby: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90%; Remmel: 50–60% 60–70%
U.S. senator before election; James Paul Clarke; Democratic	Elected U.S. senator ; William F. Kirby; Democratic

Arizona election
	Election results by county; Ashurst: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%; Kibbey: 50–60%
U.S. senator before election; Henry F. Ashurst; Democratic	Elected U.S. senator ; Henry F. Ashurst; Democratic

1916 United States Senate elections
	November 7, 1916[lower-alpha 1]
35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate; 49 seats needed for a majority
	; Results of the elections:; Democratic gain Democratic hold; Republican gain Republican hold; No election
Majority conference chairman before election; John W. Kern; Democratic	Elected Majority conference chairman ; Thomas S. Martin; Democratic

The 1916 United States Senate elections were elections that coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 1 Senators were selected by direct or popular elections instead of state legislatures. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats, and then a furthered seat through mid-term vacancies thereby reducing Democrats to a 53-43 majority.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Four Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Arkansas	James P. Clarke	William F. Kirby
California	John D. Works	Hiram Johnson
Maine (special)	Edwin C. Burleigh	Bert M. Fernald
New Mexico	Thomas B. Catron	Andrieus A. Jones
New York	James A. O'Gorman	William M. Calder
Pennsylvannia	George T. Oliver	Philander C. Knox

Defeats

Nine Democrats and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Delaware	Henry A. du Pont	Josiah O. Wolcott
Florida	Nathan P. Bryan	Park Trammell
Indiana (special)	Thomas Taggart	James E. Watson
Indiana	John W. Kern	Harry S. New
Maine	Charles F. Johnson	Frederick Hale
Maryland	Blair Lee I	Joseph I. France
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Frank B. Kellogg
New Jersey	James E. Martine	Joseph S. Frelinghuysen
Rhode Island	Henry F. Lippitt	Peter G. Gerry
Tennessee	Luke Lea	Kenneth McKellar
Utah	George Sutherland	William H. King
West Virginia	William E. Chilton	Howard Sutherland
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	John B. Kendrick

Post-election changes

Seven Democrats and two Republicans died during the 65th Congress, and initially were all replaced by an appointees.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Idaho (Class 3)	James H. Brady	John F. Nugent
Kentucky (Class 2)	Ollie Murray James	George B. Martin
Louisiana (Class 3)	Robert F. Broussard	Walter Guion
Missouri (Class 3)	William J. Stone	Xenophon P. Wilfley
Nevada (Class 3)	Francis G. Newlands	Charles Henderson
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Jacob H. Gallinger	Irving W. Drew
New Jersey (Class 2)	William Hughes	David Baird Sr.
Oregon (Class 2)	Harry Lane	Charles L. McNary
South Carolina (Class 2)	Benjamin Tillman	Christie Benet

Change in composition

Before the elections

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ariz. Ran	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ Ark. (sp) Died	D₄₀ Ind. (sp) Ran	D₄₁ Fla. Ran	D₄₂ Ind. (reg) Ran	D₄₃ Maine (reg) Ran	D₄₄ Md. Ran	D₄₅ Miss. Ran	D₄₆ Mo. Ran	D₄₇ Mont. Ran	D₄₈ Neb. Ran
Majority →									D₄₉ Nev. Ran
R₃₉ Wis. Ran	R₄₀ Wyo. Ran	D₅₆ W.Va. Ran	D₅₅ Va. Ran	D₅₄ Texas Ran	D₅₃ Tenn. Ran	D₅₂ Ohio Ran	D₅₁ N.Y. Retired	D₅₀ N.J. Ran	D₄₉ Nev. Ran
R₃₈ Wash. Ran	R₃₇ Vt. Ran	R₃₆ Utah Ran	R₃₅ R.I. Ran	R₃₄ Pa. Retired	R₃₃ N.D. Ran	R₃₂ N.M. Retired	R₃₁ Minn. Ran	R₃₀ Mich. Ran	R₂₉ Mass. Ran
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅ Calif. Retired	R₂₆ Conn. Ran	R₂₇ Del. Ran	R₂₈ Maine (sp) Died
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Elections results

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ariz. Re-elected	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ Ark. (sp) Hold	D₄₀ Del. Gain	D₄₁ Fla. Hold	D₄₂ Miss. Re-elected	D₄₃ Mo. Re-elected	D₄₄ Mont. Re-elected	D₄₅ Neb. Re-elected	D₄₆ Nev. Re-elected	D₄₇ N.M. Gain	D₄₈ Ohio Re-elected
Majority →									D₄₉ R.I. Gain
R₃₉ Vt. Re-elected	R₄₀ Wash. Re-elected	R₄₁ W.Va. Gain	R₄₂ Wis. Re-elected	D₅₄ Wyo. Gain	D₅₃ Va. Re-elected	D₅₂ Utah Gain	D₅₁ Texas Re-elected	D₅₀ Tenn. Hold	D₄₉ R.I. Gain
R₃₈ Pa. Hold	R₃₇ N.D. Re-elected	R₃₆ N.Y. Gain	R₃₅ N.J. Gain	R₃₄ Minn. Hold	R₃₃ Mich. Re-elected	R₃₂ Mass. Re-elected	R₃₁ Md. Gain	R₃₀ Maine (sp) Hold	R₂₉ Maine (reg) Gain
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅ Calif. Hold	R₂₆ Conn. Re-elected	R₂₇ Ind. (reg) Gain	R₂₈ Ind. (sp) Gain[lower-alpha 4]
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Key

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 64th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Maine (Class 2)	Edwin C. Burleigh	Republican	1913	Incumbent died June 16, 1916. A new senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican hold.	▌Y Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 54.28% ▌Kenneth C. M. Sills (Democratic) 45.49% ▌Frederick Shepherd (Prohibition) 0.23%[1]
Arkansas (Class 3)	James P. Clarke	Democratic	1903 1909 1914	Incumbent died October 1, 1916. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold.	▌Y William F. Kirby (Democratic) 69.27% ▌H. L. Remmel (Republican) 30.73%[2]
Indiana (Class 3)	Thomas Taggart	Democratic	1916 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Republican gain.	▌Y James E. Watson (Republican) 47.66% ▌Thomas Taggart (Democratic) 46.29% ▌Edward Henry (Socialist) 3.08% ▌William H. Hickman (Prohibition) 2.29% ▌John F. Clifford (Progressive) 0.68%[3]

Elections leading to the 65th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Arizona	Henry F. Ashurst	Democratic	1912 (New state)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 55.36% ▌Joseph Henry Kibbey (Republican) 39.4% ▌W. S. Bradford (Socialist) 5.24%[4]
California	John D. Works	Republican	1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Hiram Johnson (Republican) 61.09% ▌George S. Patton (Democratic) 29.54% ▌Walter Thomas Mills (Socialist) 5.25% ▌Marshall Atwood (Prohibition) 4.12%[5]
Connecticut	George P. McLean	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George P. McLean (Republican) 50.17% ▌Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 46.24% ▌Martin Plunkett (Socialist) 2.48% ▌Wilbur Manchester (Prohibition) 0.83% ▌Otto Ruckser (Socialist Labor) 0.29%[6]
Delaware	Henry A. du Pont	Republican	1906 (special) 1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Josiah O. Wolcott (Democratic) 49.67% ▌Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 44.77% ▌Hiram A. Burton (Progressive) 4.61% ▌William C. Ferris (Socialist) 0.96%[7]
Florida	Nathan P. Bryan	Democratic	1911 (Appointed) 1911 (Late)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Park Trammell (Democratic) 82.86% ▌William O'Neal (Republican) 12.45% ▌R. L. Goodwin (Socialist) 4.69%[8]
Indiana	John W. Kern	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Harry S. New (Republican) 47.77% ▌John W. Kern (Democratic) 46.14% ▌Joseph Zimmerman (Socialist) 3.06% ▌Elwood Haynes (Prohibition) 2.21% ▌John N. Dyer (Progressive) 0.61% ▌Ira Decker (Socialist Labor) 0.22%[9]
Maine	Charles F. Johnson	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican gain.	▌Y Frederick Hale (Republican) 52.72% ▌Charles F. Johnson (Democratic) 46.09% ▌James F. Carey (Socialist) 1% ▌Arthur C. Jackson (Prohibition) 0.19%[10]
Maryland	Blair Lee I	Democratic	1913 (special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph I. France (Republican) 49.32% ▌David John Lewis (Democratic) 47.62% ▌James Frizzell (Prohibition) 1.44% ▌Sylvester Young (Socialist) 1.12% ▌Frank Lang (Labor) 0.5%[11][12]
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893 1899 1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected	▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 51.68% ▌John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 45.31% ▌William N. McDonald (Socialist) 3.01%.[13]
Michigan	Charles E. Townsend	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.[13]	▌Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 56.34% ▌Lawrence Price (Democratic) 39.85% ▌E. O. Foss (Socialist) 2.41% ▌John Y. Johnston (Prohibition) 1.17% ▌Herman Richter (Socialist Labor) 0.14%
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Republican	1901 (special) 1905 1911	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Frank B. Kellogg (Republican) 48.58% ▌Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 30.84% ▌Willis G. Calderwood (Prohibition) 20.58%[14][15]
Mississippi	John Sharp Williams	Democratic	1908 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic) Unopposed[16]
Missouri	James A. Reed	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 50.56% ▌Walter S. Dickey (Republican) 47.44% ▌Kate Richards O'Hare (Socialist) 1.87% ▌Joseph Scheidler (Socialist Labor) 0.12%[17]
Montana	Henry L. Myers	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 51.06% ▌Charles Nelson Pray (Republican) 43.40% ▌Henry La Beau (Socialist) 5.54%[18]
Nebraska	Gilbert Hitchcock	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 49.98% ▌John L. Kennedy (Republican) 45.88% ▌E. E. Olmstead (Socialist) 2.59% ▌D. B. Gilbert (Prohibition) 1.55%[19]
Nevada	Key Pittman	Democratic	1913 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Key Pittman (Democratic) 38.81% ▌Samuel Platt (Republican) 32.28% ▌Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 28.91%[20]
New Jersey	James E. Martine	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Republican) 55.99% ▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 38.9% ▌William C. Doughty (Socialist) 3.06% ▌Livingston Barbour (Prohibition) 1.64% ▌Rudolph Katz (Socialist Labor) 0.42%[21]
New Mexico	Thomas B. Catron	Republican	1912 (New state)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 51.01% ▌Frank Hubbell (Republican) 45.95% ▌W. P. Metcalf (Socialist) 3.04%[22]
New York	James A. O'Gorman	Democratic	1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y William M. Calder (Republican) 54.32% ▌William F. McCombs (Democratic) 39.22% ▌Joseph D. Cannon (Socialist) 3.96% ▌D. Leigh Colvin (Prohibition) 1.25% ▌Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 0.99% ▌August Gillhaus (Socialist Labor) 0.26%
North Dakota	Porter J. McCumber	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 53.85% ▌John Burke (Democratic) 38.24% ▌E. R. Fry (Socialist) 7.91%[23]
Ohio	Atlee Pomerene	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 49.26% ▌Myron T. Herrick (Republican) 46.15% ▌C. E. Ruthenberg (Socialist) 3.29% ▌Aaron S. Watkins (Prohibition) 1.04% ▌Jacob S. Coxey Sr. (Independent) 0.26%[24]
Pennsylvania	George T. Oliver	Republican	1909 (special) 1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Philander C. Knox (Republican) 56.31% ▌Ellis Orvis (Democratic) 37.25% ▌Charles Ervin (Socialist) 3.76% ▌Herbert T. Ames (Prohibition) 2.49% ▌Robert C. Macauley (Single Tax) 0.12%[25]
Rhode Island	Henry F. Lippitt	Republican	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 52.94% ▌Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 44.12% ▌Frederick Hurst (Socialist) 2.25% ▌Frank J. Sibley (Prohibition) 0.51% ▌Peter McDermott (Socialist Labor) 0.19%[26]
Tennessee	Luke Lea	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[25] Democratic hold.	▌Y Kenneth McKellar (Democratic) 54.42% ▌Ben W. Hooper (Republican) 44.75% ▌H. H. Mangum (Socialist) 0.83%
Texas	Charles A. Culberson	Democratic	1899 1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) 81.3% ▌Alex Atcheson (Republican) 13.09% ▌F. A. Hickey (Socialist) 4.99% ▌F. H. Combeau (Prohibition) 0.62%[27]
Utah	George Sutherland	Republican	1905 1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y William H. King (Democratic) 56.92% ▌George Sutherland (Republican) 39.93% ▌Christian Poulson (Socialist) 3.16%[28]
Vermont	Carroll S. Page	Republican	1908 (special) 1910	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 74.41% ▌Oscar C. Miller (Democratic) 23.5% ▌Norman Greenslet (Socialist) 2.1%[29]
Virginia	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1910 (Appointed) 1911 (Appointed) 1912 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed[30]
Washington	Miles Poindexter	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 55.39% ▌George Turner (Democratic) 37.06% ▌Bruce Rogers (Socialist) 5.95% ▌Joseph Campbell (Prohibition) 1.21% ▌Walter J. Thompson (Progressive) 0.4%[31]
West Virginia	William E. Chilton	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Howard Sutherland (Republican) 50.14% ▌William E. Chilton (Democratic) 48.17% ▌G. A. Gneiser (Socialist) 1.7%[32]
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette	Republican	1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 59.23% ▌William F. Wolfe (Democratic) 31.9% ▌Richard Elsner (Socialist) 6.85% ▌Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 2.02%[33]
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 51.47% ▌Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 45.47% ▌Paul Paulsen (Socialist) 2.61% ▌Arthur B. Campbell (Prohibition) 0.45%[34]

Closest races

Eighteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Indiana (special)	Republican (flip)	1.37%
Indiana	Republican (flip)	1.63%
Maryland	Republican (flip)	1.7%
West Virginia	Republican (flip)	1.97%
Missouri	Democratic	3.12%
Ohio	Democratic	3.14%
Connecticut	Republican	3.93%
Nebraska	Democratic	4.1%
Delaware	Democratic (flip)	4.9%
New Mexico	Democratic (flip)	5.06%
Wyoming	Democratic (flip)	6.0%
Massachusetts	Republican	6.37%
Nevada	Democratic	6.53%
Maine	Republican (flip)	6.63%[lower-alpha 5]
Motana	Democratic	7.66%
Maine (special)	Republican	8.79%
Rhode Island	Democratic (flip)	8.82%
Tennessee	Democratic	9.67%

Arizona

Arizona election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst (incumbent)	29,873	55.36
	Republican	Joseph Henry Kibbey	21,261	39.40
	Socialist	W. S. Bradford	2,827	5.24
Majority			8,612	15.96
Total votes			53,961	100.00
	Democratic hold

Arkansas (special)

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.

Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916, to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.

Arkansas special election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William F. Kirby	110,293	69.27
	Republican	H. L. Remmel	48,922	30.73
Majority			61,371	38.55
Total votes			159,215	100.00
	Democratic hold

California

California election

November 6, 1916


Nominee	Hiram Johnson	George S. Patton	Walter Thomas Mills
Party	Republican	Democratic	Socialist
Alliance	Progressive
Popular vote	574,667	277,852	49,341
Percentage	61.09%	29.54%	5.25%

County results
Johnson: 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80%
Patton: 40-50% 50-60%

U.S. senator before election

John Downey Works
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Hiram Johnson
Republican

1916 United States Senate election in California[35]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Hiram Johnson	574,667	61.09%
	Democratic	George S. Patton	277,852	29.54%
	Socialist	Walter Thomas Mills	49,341	5.25%
	Prohibition	Marshall W. Atwood	38,797	4.12%
Total votes			907,900	100.00%

Connecticut

Connecticut election


Nominee	George P. McLean	Homer Stille Cummings
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	107,020	98,649
Percentage	50.17%	46.24%

County results
McLean: 40–50% 50–60%

U.S. senator before election

George P. McLean
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

George P. McLean
Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Connecticut[36]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George P. McLean (inc.)	107,020	50.17%
	Democratic	Homer Stille Cummings	98,649	46.24%
	Socialist	Martin F. Plunkett	5,279	2.48%
	Prohibition	Wilbur G. Manchester	1,768	0.83%
	Socialist Labor	Otto Ruckser	619	0.29%
Total votes			213,335	100.00%
	Republican hold

Delaware

Delaware election


Nominee	Josiah O. Wolcott	Henry A. du Pont
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	25,434	22,925
Percentage	49.67%	44.77%

County results
Wolcott: 40–50% 50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Henry A. du Pont
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Josiah O. Wolcott
Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Delaware[37][38]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Josiah O. Wolcott	25,434	49.67%
	Republican	Henry A. du Pont (incumbent)	22,925	44.77%
	Progressive	Hiram R. Burton	2,361	4.61%
	Socialist	William C. Ferris	490	0.96%
Total votes			51,210	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Florida

Florida election


Nominee	Park Trammell	William R. O'Neal
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	58,391	8,774
Percentage	82.86%	12.45%

County results
Trammell: 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90%

U.S. senator before election

Nathan Philemon Bryan
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Park Trammell
Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Florida[39][40]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Park Trammell	58,391	82.86%
	Republican	William R. O'Neal	8,774	12.45%
	Socialist	R. L. Goodwin	3,304	4.69%
Total votes			70,469	100.00%

Indiana

There were two elections held November 7, 1916, due to a vacancy. The elections converted both seats from Democratic to Republican, thus marking the first time since the popular-election of Senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment three years earlier that both Senate seats in a state flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle.

Indiana (special)

Indiana special election


Nominee	James Eli Watson	Thomas Taggart
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	335,193	325,577
Percentage	47.66%	46.29%

County results
Watson: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%
Taggart: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Thomas Taggart
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

James Eli Watson
Republican

Indiana election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James Eli Watson	335,193	47.66
	Democratic	Thomas Taggart (incumbent)	325,577	46.29
	Socialist	Edward Henry	21,626	3.08
	Prohibition	William H. Hickman	16,095	2.29
	Progressive	John F. Clifford	4,798	0.68
Total votes			703,289	100.00
	Republican gain from Democratic

Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 and served until he died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed by Governor Samuel Ralston on March 20 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916, special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.

Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

Indiana (regular)

Indiana election


Nominee	Harry New	John W. Kern
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	337,089	325,588
Percentage	47.77%	46.14%

County results
New: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%
Kern: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%

U.S. senator before election

John W. Kern
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Harry New
Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Indiana[41][42]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Harry Stewart New	337,089	47.77%
	Democratic	John W. Kern (incumbent)	325,588	46.14%
	Socialist	Joseph Zimmerman	21,558	3.06%
	Prohibition	Elwood Haynes	15,598	2.21%
	Progressive	John N. Dyer	4,272	0.61%
	Socialist Labor	Ira J. Decker	1,562	0.22%
Total votes			705,667	100.00%
	Republican gain from Democratic

One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.

New served only until losing renomination in 1922. Kern died on August 17, 1917, the same year he left the U.S Senate.

Maine

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

Maine (special)

Maine special election


Nominee	Bert M. Fernald	Kenneth C. Sills
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	81,369	68,201
Percentage	54.27%	45.49%

County results
Fernald: 50–60% 60–70%
Sillis: 50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Edwin C. Burleigh
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Bert M. Fernald
Republican

Maine election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bert M. Fernald	81,369	54.27%
	Democratic	Kenneth C. Sills	68,201	45.49%
	Prohibition	Frederick A. Shepherd	348	2.29%
		Others	11	0.01%
Total votes			149,929	100.00%
	Republican hold

One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916, to finish the term.

Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

Maine (regular)

Maine election

September 11, 1916


Nominee	Frederick Hale	Charles F. Johnson
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	79,481	69,486
Percentage	52.72%	46.09%

County results
Hale: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%
Johnson: 50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Charles F. Johnson
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Frederick Hale
Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maine[43]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frederick Hale	79,481	52.72%
	Democratic	Charles F. Johnson (incumbent)	69,486	46.09%
	Socialist	James F. Carey	1,510	1.00%
	Prohibition	Arthur C. Johnson	279	0.19%
	Write-in		7	0.01%
Total votes			150,763	100.00%

One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.

Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

Maryland

Maryland election


Nominee	Joseph I. France	David John Lewis
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	113,662	109,740
Percentage	49.32%	47.62%

County results
France: 40–50% 50–60%
Lewis: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Blair Lee I
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Joseph I. France
Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maryland[44][45]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Joseph I. France	113,662	49.32%	12.34
	Democratic	David John Lewis	109,740	47.62%	9.13
	Prohibition	James W. Frizzell	3,325	1.44%	0.23
	Socialist	Sylvester L. Young	2,590	1.12%	0.29
	Labor	Robert E. Long	1,143	0.50%	N/A
Total votes			230,460	100.00%

Massachusetts

Massachusetts election


Nominee	Henry Cabot Lodge	John F. Fitzgerald
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	267,177	234,238
Percentage	51.68%	45.31%

Senator before election

Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican

Elected Senator

Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican

1916 United States Senate election in Massachusetts[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Henry Cabot Lodge (incumbent)	267,177	51.68%
	Democratic	John F. Fitzgerald	234,238	45.31%
	Socialist	William N. McDonald	15,558	3.01%
	Write-in	All others	26	0.00%
Total votes			516,999	100.00%

Michigan

Michigan election


Nominee	Charles E. Townsend	Lawrence Price
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	364,657	257,954
Percentage	56.34%	39.85%

County results
Townsend: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80%
Price: 40–50%

U.S. senator before election

Charles E. Townsend
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Charles E. Townsend
Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Michigan[47]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charles E. Townsend (incumbent)	364,657	56.34%
	Democratic	Lawrence Price	257,954	39.85%
	Socialist	Edward O. Foss	15,614	2.41%
	Prohibition	John Y. Johnston	7,569	1.17%
	Socialist Labor	Herman Richter	924	0.14%
	Independent	Henry Ford (write-in)	566	0.09%
Total votes			677,284	100.00%
	Republican hold

Minnesota

Minnesota election


Nominee	Frank B. Kellogg	Daniel W. Lawler
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	185,159	117,541
Percentage	48.58%	30.84%


Nominee	W. G. Calderwood
Party	Prohibition
Popular vote	78,425
Percentage	20.58%

County results

U.S. senator before election

Moses E. Clapp
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Frank B. Kellogg
Republican

General election results[48]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frank B. Kellogg	185,159	48.58%
	Democratic	Daniel W. Lawler	117,541	30.84%
	Prohibition	W. G. Calderwood	78,425	20.58%
Total votes			381,125	100.00%
Majority			67,618	17.74%
	Republican hold

Mississippi

Mississippi election


Nominee	John Sharp Williams
Party	Democratic
Popular vote	74,290
Percentage	100%

U.S. senator before election

John Sharp Williams
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

John Sharp Williams
Democratic

Mississippi Democratic primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Sharp Williams (incumbent)	74,290	100%
Total votes			74,290	100
	Democratic hold

Missouri

Missouri election


Nominee	James A. Reed	Walter S. Dickey
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	396,166	371,710
Percentage	50.56%	47.44%

U.S. senator before election

James A. Reed
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

James A. Reed
Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Missouri[49]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James A. Reed (incumbent)	396,166	50.56%
	Republican	Walter S. Dickey	371,710	47.44%
	Socialist	Kate Richards O'Hare	14,654	1.87%
	Socialist Labor	Joseph Scheidler	962	0.12%
Total votes			783,492	100.00%

Montana

Montana election


Nominee	Henry L. Myers	Charles N. Pray	Henry La Beau
Party	Democratic	Republican	Socialist
Popular vote	85,585	72,753	9,292
Percentage	51.06%	43.40%	5.54%

U.S. senator before election

Henry L. Myers
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Henry L. Myers
Democratic

1916 United States Senate election in Montana[50]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry L. Myers (incumbent)	85,585	51.06%
	Republican	Charles N. Pray	72,753	43.40%
	Socialist	Henry La Beau	9,292	5.54%
Total votes			167,630	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Nebraska

Nebraska election


Nominee	Gilbert Hitchcock	John L. Kennedy
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	143,082	131,359
Percentage	49.98%	45.88%

U.S. senator before election

Gilbert Hitchcock
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Gilbert Hitchcock
Democratic

General election results[51]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Gilbert Hitchcock (incumbent)	143,082	49.98%
	Republican	John L. Kennedy	131,359	45.88%
	Socialist	E. E. Olmstead	7,425	2.59%
	Prohibition	D. B. Gilbert	4,429	1.55%
Total votes			286,295	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Nevada

Nevada election


Nominee	Key Pittman	Charles S. Chandler
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	12,765	10,618
Percentage	38.81%	32.28%


Nominee	Ashley Grant Miller
Party	Socialist
Popular vote	9,507
Percentage	28.91%

County results
Pittman:      30–40%      40–50%
Chandler:      30–40%      40–50%
Miller:      30–40%      40–50%

U.S. senator before election

Key Pittman
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Key Pittman
Democratic

General election results[52]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Key Pittman (incumbent)	12,765	38.81%
	Republican	Samuel Platt	10,618	32.28%
	Socialist	Ashley Grant Miller	9,507	28.91%
Total votes			32,890	100.00%
	Democratic hold

New Jersey

New Jersey election


Nominee	Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr.	James E. Martine
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	244,715	170,019
Percentage	55.99%	38.90%

Senator before election

James E. Martine
Democratic

Elected Senator

Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr.
Republican

1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey[53][54]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr.	244,715	55.99%
Democratic	James E. Martine (incumbent)	170,019	38.90%
Socialist	William C. Doughty	13,358	3.06%
Prohibition	Livingston Barbour	7,178	0.11%
Socialist Labor	Rudolph Katz	1,826	0.42%

New Mexico

New Mexico election


Nominee	Andrieus A. Jones	Frank A. Hubbell
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	33,981	30,609
Percentage	51.01%	45.95%

U.S. senator before election

Thomas B. Catron
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Andrieus A. Jones
Democratic

General election results[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Andrieus A. Jones	33,981	51.01%
	Republican	Frank A. Hubbell	30,609	45.95%
	Socialist	W. P. Metcalf	2,028	3.04%
Total votes			66,618	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

New York

New York election


Nominee	William M. Calder	William F. McCombs
Party	Republican	Democratic
Alliance		American
Popular vote	839,314	605,933
Percentage	54.32%	39.22%

Senator before election

James O'Gorman
Democratic

Elected Senator

William M. Calder
Republican

1916 United States Senate election in New York[56]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William M. Calder	839,314	54.32%
	Democratic	William F. McCombs	605,933	39.22%
	Socialist	Joseph D. Cannon	61,167	3.96%
	Prohibition	D. Leigh Colvin	19,302	1.25%
	Progressive	Bainbridge Colby	15,339	0.99%
	Socialist Labor	August Gillhaus	4,086	0.26%
Total votes			1,545,141	100.00%

North Dakota

North Dakota election


Nominee	Porter J. McCumber	John Burke
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	57,714	40,988
Percentage	53.85%	38.24%


Nominee	E. R. Fry
Party	Socialist
Popular vote	8,472
Percentage	7.91%

County results
McCumber: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90%
Burke: 40–50%

U.S. senator before election

Porter J. McCumber
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Porter J. McCumber
Republican

General election results[57]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Porter J. McCumber (incumbent)	57,714	53.85%
	Democratic	John Burke	40,988	38.24%
	Socialist	E. R. Fry	8,472	7.91%
Total votes			107,174	100.00%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Ohio

Ohio election


Nominee	Atlee Pomerene	Myron Herrick
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	571,488	535,391
Percentage	49.26%	46.15%

U.S. senator before election

Atlee Pomerene
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Atlee Pomerene
Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Ohio[58][59]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Atlee Pomerene (incumbent)	571,488	49.26%
	Republican	Myron Herrick	535,391	46.15%
	Socialist	C. E. Ruthenberg	38,186	3.29%
	Prohibition	Aaron S. Watkins	12,060	1.04%
	Independent	Jacob Coxey	2,965	0.26%
Total votes			1,160,091	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania election


Nominee	Philander C. Knox	Ellis L. Orvis
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	680,451	450,112
Percentage	56.3%	37.3%

U.S. senator before election

George T. Oliver
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Philander C. Knox
Republican

General election results[60]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Philander C. Knox	680,451	56.31
	Democratic	Ellis L. Orvis	450,112	37.25
	Socialist	Charles W. Ervin	45,385	3.76
	Prohibition	Herbert T. Ames	30,089	2.49
	Single Tax	Robert Colvin Macauley, Jr.	1,387	0.12
	Socialist Labor	William H. Thomas	1,022	0.09
Total votes			1,208,446	100.00

Rhode Island

Rhode Island election


Nominee	Peter G. Gerry	Henry F. Lippitt
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	47,048	39,211
Percentage	52.94%	34.12%

U.S. senator before election

Henry F. Lippitt
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Peter G. Gerry
Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Rhode Island[61]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Peter G. Gerry	47,048	52.94%
	Republican	Henry F. Lippitt (incumbent)	39,211	44.12%
	Socialist	Frederick W. Hurst	1,996	2.25%
	Prohibition	Frank J. Sibley	454	0.51%
	Socialist Labor	Peter McDermott	168	0.19%
Total votes			88,877	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Tennessee

Tennessee election


Nominee	Kenneth McKellar	Ben W. Hooper
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	143,718	118,174
Percentage	54.42%	44.75%

U.S. senator before election

Luke Lea
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Kenneth McKellar
Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Tennessee[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kenneth McKellar (incumbent)	143,718	54.42%
	Republican	Ben W. Hooper	118,174	44.75%
	Socialist	H. H. Magnum	2,193	0.83%
Total votes			264,085	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Texas

Texas election


Nominee	Charles Culberson	Alex W. Atcheson
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	303,035	48,788
Percentage	81.30%	13.09%

County Results[63]

Culberson: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90%
Atcheson: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 80–90%

No vote:

U.S. senator before election

Charles Culberson
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Charles Culberson
Democratic

1916 United States Senate election in Texas[64][65]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles A. Culberson (incumbent)	303,035	81.30%
	Republican	Alex W. Atcheson	48,788	13.09%
	Socialist	F. A. Hickey	18,616	4.99%
	Prohibition	F. H. Combeau	2,319	0.62%
Total votes			372,758	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Utah

Utah election


Nominee	William H. King	George Sutherland
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	81,057	56,862
Percentage	56.92%	39.93%

U.S. senator before election

George Sutherland
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

William H. King
Democratic

General election results[66]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	William H. King	81,057	56.92%
Republican	George Sutherland (incumbent)	56,862	39.93%
Socialist	Christian Poulson	4,497	3.16%
Democratic gain from Republican

Vermont

Vermont election

November 7, 1916 (1916-11-07)


Nominee	Carroll S. Page	Oscar C. Miller
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	47,362	14,956
Percentage	74.4%	23.5%

U.S. senator before election

Carroll S. Page
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Carroll S. Page
Republican

United States Senate election in Vermont, 1916[67]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Carroll S. Page (inc.)	47,362	74.4
	Democratic	Oscar C. Miller	14,956	23.5
	Socialist	Norman E. Greenslet	1,336	2.1
Total votes			*63,654*	*100*

The 1916 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1916.[68] It was the second direct election for the U.S. Senate to take place in Vermont following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the first for Vermont's Class I seat. The incumbent, Republican Carroll S. Page successfully ran for re-election to a second full term.[69]

In the primary election, which was held on September 11, Page gained re-nomination by winning 62 percent of the vote to defeat former governor Allen M. Fletcher (20.3) and current governor Charles W. Gates (17.7).[70]

With the Republican Party dominant in Vermont, as it had been since its founding in the 1850s, Democratic candidate Oscar C. Miller was little more than a token opponent for Page.[71] In the general election, Page defeated Miller 74.4 percent to 23.5.[69]

Virginia

Virginia election


Nominee	Claude A. Swanson
Party	Democratic
Popular vote	133,061
Percentage	100.0%

U.S. senator before election

Claude A. Swanson
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Claude A. Swanson
Democratic

Virginia election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Claude A. Swanson (incumbent)	133,061	100.00
Total votes			133,061	100.00
	Democratic hold

Washington

Washington election


Nominee	Miles Poindexter	George Turner
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	202,287	135,339
Percentage	55.4%	37.1%


Nominee	Bruce Rogers
Party	Socialist
Popular vote	21,709
Percentage	6.0%

County results
Poindexter: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%
Turner: 40–50% 50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Miles Poindexter
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Miles Poindexter
Republican

Washington election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Miles Poindexter (incumbent)	202,287	55.39
	Democratic	George Turner	135,339	37.06
	Socialist	Bruce Rogers	21,709	5.95
	Prohibition	Joseph A. Campbell	4,411	1.21
	Progressive	Walter J. Thompson	1,442	0.40
Majority			66,948	18.33
Total votes			365,188	100.00
	Republican hold

West Virginia

West Virginia election


Nominee	Howard Sutherland	William E. Chilton
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	144,243	138,585
Percentage	50.1%	48.2%

U.S. senator before election

William E. Chilton
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Howard Sutherland
Republican

West Virginia election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Howard Sutherland	144,243	50.14
	Democratic	William E. Chilton (incumbent)	138,585	48.17
	Socialist	G. A. Gneiser	4,881	1.70
Majority			5,658	1.97
Total votes			287,709	100.00
	Republican gain from Democratic

Wisconsin

Wisconsin election


Nominee	Robert M. La Follette	William F. Wolfe
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	249,906	134,611
Percentage	59.2%	31.9%


Nominee	Richard Elsner
Party	Socialist
Popular vote	28,908
Percentage	6.9%

U.S. senator before election

Robert M. La Follette
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Robert M. La Follette
Republican

Wisconsin election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert M. La Follette (incumbent)	249,906	59.23
	Democratic	William F. Wolfe	134,611	31.90
	Socialist	Richard Elsner	28,908	6.85
	Prohibition	Charles L. Hill	8,528	2.02
Majority			115,295	27.32
Total votes			421,953	100.00
	Republican hold

Wyoming

Wyoming election


Nominee	John B. Kendrick	Clarence D. Clark
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	26,324	23,258
Percentage	51.5%	45.5%

U.S. senator before election

Clarence D. Clark
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

John B. Kendrick
Democratic

Wyoming election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John B. Kendrick	26,324	51.47
	Republican	Clarence D. Clark (incumbent)	23,258	45.47
	Socialist	Paul L. Paulsen	1,334	2.61
	Prohibition	Arthur B. Campbell	231	0.45
Majority			3,066	5.99
Total votes			51,147	100.00
	Democratic gain from Republican

Notes

References

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"Our Campaigns - ND US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 31 Dec 2020.
"Our Campaigns - OH US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 31 Dec 2020.
"PA US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
"RI US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 14 Feb 2021.
"TN US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 14 Feb 2021.
Bartlett, C. J. (1917). Supplemental Biennial Report of the Secretary of State. Austin, Texas: A. C. Baldwin & Stone Printers. pp. 48–51.
Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.
"Our Campaigns – TX US Senate Race – Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - UT US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".
"General Election Results - U.S. Senator - 1914-2014" (PDF). Office of the Vermont Secretary of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
"Fair Weather for Today's Election -- Fair Weather Assured". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. November 7, 1916. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
"Vote for U.S. Senator". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. January 4, 1917. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
"State Primary Official Vote". Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. September 19, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
Hand, Samuel B (Fall 1980). "The Mechanisms of Control: The Mountain Rule" (PDF). Vermont History. Vermont Historical Society: Montpelier, VT. p. 198 – via Newspapers.com.

"United States Senate" – via Senate.gov.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] September 11, 1916 in Maine

[2] s Democratic Conference Chairman

[3] s Republican Conference Chairman

[4] Appointee defeated

[39] Maine was the "tipping-point state".

[5] "ME US Senate - Special Election Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[6] "AR US Senate Special Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[7] "IN US Senate - Special Election Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[8] "AZ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[9] "CA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[10] "CT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[11] "DE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[12] "FL US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[13] "IN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[14] "ME US Senate Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[15] "MD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 1, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[16] "MD US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[ourcampaigns1-17] "MA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[18] "MN US Senate - R Primary Race - June 19, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[19] "MN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[20] "MS US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[21] "MO US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[22] "MT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[23] "NE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[24] "NV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[25] "NJ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[26] "NM US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[27] "ND US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[28] "OH US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[ourcampaigns2-29] "PA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[30] "RI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[31] "TX US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[32] "UT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[33] "VT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[34] "VA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[35] "WA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[36] "WV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[37] "WI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[38] "WY US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[40] "CA US Senate, 1916". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved 23 April 2020.

[41] "Our Campaigns - CT US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[resultsDE-42] ttp://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1916election.pdf

[43] "Our Campaigns - DE US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[44] Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.

[45] "FL US Senate Race". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 10 August 2020.

[46] Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.

[47] "Our Campaigns – IN US Senate Race – Nov 06, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[48] "ME US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 27 Dec 2020.

[49] "Archives of Maryland, Volume 0127, Page 0258 - Maryland Manual, 1916-17". msa.maryland.gov.

[50] "MD US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[51] Office of the Secretary of Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1916). Number of assessed polls, registered voters and persons who voted in each voting precinct in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at the state, city and town elections. p. 558.

[52] "Our Campaigns - MI US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 29 Dec 2020.

[53] "Our Campaigns - MN US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[resultsMO-54] "MO US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 30 Dec 2020.

[55] "MT US Senate". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved 12 Mar 2020.

[56] "Our Campaigns - NE US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[57] "Our Campaigns - NV US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[58] "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1916" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 22, 2020.

[59] "Our Campaigns - NJ US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[60] "Our Campaigns - NM US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[61] "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 March 2020.

[62] "Our Campaigns - ND US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[resultsOH-63] "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 31 Dec 2020.

[64] "Our Campaigns - OH US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 31 Dec 2020.

[65] "PA US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 5 July 2012.

[66] "RI US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 14 Feb 2021.

[67] "TN US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 14 Feb 2021.

[68] Bartlett, C. J. (1917). Supplemental Biennial Report of the Secretary of State. Austin, Texas: A. C. Baldwin & Stone Printers. pp. 48–51.

[69] Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1917). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1916" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.

[70] "Our Campaigns – TX US Senate Race – Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[71] "Our Campaigns - UT US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1916".

[resultsVA-72] "General Election Results - U.S. Senator - 1914-2014" (PDF). Office of the Vermont Secretary of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2015.

[73] "Fair Weather for Today's Election -- Fair Weather Assured". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. November 7, 1916. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

[Vote-74] "Vote for U.S. Senator". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. January 4, 1917. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.

[75] "State Primary Official Vote". Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. September 19, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.

[76] Hand, Samuel B (Fall 1980). "The Mechanisms of Control: The Mountain Rule" (PDF). Vermont History. Vermont Historical Society: Montpelier, VT. p. 198 – via Newspapers.com.

(1915 ←) 1916 United States elections (→ 1917)
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1916 United States Senate elections

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Defeats

Post-election changes

Change in composition

Before the elections

Elections results

Race summaries

Special elections during the 64th Congress

Elections leading to the 65th Congress

Closest races

Arizona

Arkansas (special)

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Indiana

Indiana (special)

Indiana (regular)

Maine

Maine (special)

Maine (regular)

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Dakota

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

See also

Notes

References