1832–33 United States Senate elections

The 1832–33 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1832 and 1833, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

1832–33 United States Senate elections
Dates vary by state
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian
Last election 20 seats 26 seats
Seats before 22 24
Seats won 8 6
Seats after 23 21
Seat change Increase 1 Decrease 3
Seats up 7 9
  Third party
 
Party Nullifier
Last election 1 seat
Seats before 2
Seats won 0
Seats after 2
Seat change Steady
Seats up 0
Results:
     Jacksonian Hold      Jacksonian Gain
     Anti-Jacksonian Hold      Anti-Jacksonian Gain
     Nullifier Hold      Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election


Jacksonian

 Elected Majority Party


Anti-Jacksonian

The Anti-Jacksonian coalition assumed control of the Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the 1832 presidential election.

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the January 3, 1832 special election in Indiana.

AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4
AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5
AJ15 AJ16
Conn.
Ran		 AJ17
Del.
Ran		 AJ18
Mass.
Ran		 AJ19
R.I.
Ran		 AJ20
Maine
Retired		 AJ21
Ohio
Retired		 AJ22
Vt.
Retired		 N1
S.C.
Hold		 N2
Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → J24
Pa.
Retired
J15 J16
Ind.
Ran		 J17
Mo.
Ran		 J18
Tenn.
Ran		 J19
Va.
Ran		 J20
Md.
Unknown		 J21
Miss.
Unknown		 J22
N.J.
Unknown		 J23
N.Y.
Unknown
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1
N.Y.
Hold		 J2
Va.
Hold		 J3 J4

As a result of the regular elections
AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4
AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5
AJ15 AJ16
Del.
Re-elected		 AJ17
Mass.
Re-elected		 AJ18
R.I.
Re-elected		 AJ19
Conn.
Hold		 AJ20
Vt.
Hold		 AJ21
Md.
Gain		 AJ22
N.J.
Gain		 AJ23
Va.
Gain		 N1
Plurality ↑ N2
J15 J16
Ind.
Re-elected		 J17
Mo.
Re-elected		 J18
Tenn.
Re-elected		 J19
N.Y.
Hold		 J20
Maine
Gain		 J21
Ohio
Gain		 V1
Miss.
J Loss		 V2
Pa.
J Loss
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4

At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833
AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4
AJ14
Ala.
Gain		 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5
AJ15
N.C.
Gain		 AJ16 AJ17 AJ18 AJ19 AJ20 AJ21 AJ22 AJ23 AJ24
Majority → AJ25
J15
Ga.
Hold		 J16 J17 J18 J19 V1 N2
S.C.
Hold		 N1 AJ26
Miss.
Gain
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4
Key:
AJ# = Anti-Jacksonian
J# = Jacksonian
N# = Nullfier
V# = Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 22nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Indiana
(Class 1)		 Robert Hanna Anti-Jacksonian 1831 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified.
New senator elected January 3, 1832.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia
(Class 2)		 Littleton Waller Tazewell Jacksonian 1824 (special)
1829		 Incumbent resigned July 16, 1832.
New senator elected December 10, 1832.
Jacksonian hold.
South Carolina
(Class 2)		 Robert Y. Hayne Nullifier 1822
1828		 Incumbent resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina.
New senator elected December 29, 1832.
Nullifier hold.
New York
(Class 3)		 William L. Marcy Jacksonian 1831 Incumbent resigned January 1, 1833 to become Governor of New York.
New senator elected January 4, 1833.
Jacksonian hold.

Races leading to the 23rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Connecticut Samuel A. Foot Anti-Jacksonian 1826 Incumbent lost re-election, and was then elected to the U.S. House of Representatives instead.
New senator elected in 1832.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Delaware Arnold Naudain Anti-Jacksonian 1830 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1832.
Indiana John Tipton Jacksonian 1832 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1832.
Maine John Holmes Anti-Jacksonian 1820 (Short term)
1820 (Long term)
1826 (Retired or lost)
1829 (special)		 Retired.
Winner elected January 23, 1833.
Jacksonian gain
Maryland Samuel Smith Jacksonian 1802
1809
1815 (Lost)
1822 (special)
1827		 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1833.
Anti-Jacksonian gain
Massachusetts Daniel Webster Anti-Jacksonian 1827 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1833.
Mississippi John Black Jacksonian 1832 (Appointed) Legislature failed to elect.
Jacksonian loss.
Incumbent would later be elected as an Anti-Jacksonian, see below.		 [data missing]
Missouri Thomas H. Benton Jacksonian 1821
1827		 Incumbent re-elected in 1833.
New Jersey Mahlon Dickerson Jacksonian 1817
1823
1829 (Resigned)
1829 (special)		 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1833.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York Charles E. Dudley Jacksonian 1829 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1833.
Jacksonian hold.
Ohio Benjamin Ruggles Anti-Jacksonian 1815
1821
1827		 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1833.
Jacksonian gain.
Pennsylvania George M. Dallas Jacksonian 1831 (special) Incumbent retired.
Legislature failed to elect.
Jacksonian loss.
Rhode Island Asher Robbins Anti-Jacksonian 1825 (special)
1827		 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1833.
Tennessee Felix Grundy Jacksonian 1829 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1833.
Vermont Horatio Seymour Anti-Jacksonian 1821
1827		 Incumbent retired to run for Vermont Governor.
New senator elected in 1833.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Virginia John Tyler Jacksonian 1827 Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1833.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.

Elections during the 23rd Congress

There were two late regular elections and two special elections, in which the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4. They are ordered here by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Georgia
(Class 3)		 George Troup Jacksonian 1816 (special)
1816
1818 (Resigned)
1828		 Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833.
Successor elected November 21, 1833.
Jacksonian hold.
Mississippi
(Class 1)		 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect and the seat was vacant from March 4, 1833.
Incumbent Jacksonian appointee was then elected as an Anti-Jacksonian late November 22, 1833.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
South Carolina
(Class 3)		 Stephen D. Miller Nullifier 1830 Incumbent resigned March 2, 1833 due to ill health.
Successor elected November 26, 1833.
Nullifier hold.
Pennsylvania
(Class 1)		 Vacant Legislature had previously failed to elect.
Successor elected late December 7, 1833.
Jacksonian gain.

Connecticut
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut

Delaware
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

Georgia (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1832 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia

Jacksonian George Troup resigned November 8, 1833 and Jacksonian John Pendleton King was elected November 21, 1833 to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.

Indiana
See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana

Class 1 Anti-Jacksonian senator James Noble died February 26, 1831, having served in office since statehood in 1816. Anti-Jacksonian Robert Hanna was appointed August 19, 1831 to serve until a special election, and Hanna did not run for the seat.

Indiana (special)

On January 3, 1832, Jacksonian John Tipton was elected to finish Noble's term, ending March 3, 1833.

Indiana (regular)

That same day, Jacksonian John Tipton was also elected to the next term, beginning March 4, 1833.

Maine
See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Maryland
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1833 United States Senate election in Maryland
January 25, 1833
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
 
Candidate Joseph Kent Samuel Smith
Party National Republican Jacksonian democracy
Legislative vote 61 25
Percentage 70.93% 29.07

Joseph Kent won election over Samuel Smith by a margin of 41.86%, or 36 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[4]

Massachusetts
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Mississippi
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1832 United States House of Representatives election in Mississippi

Jacksonian senator Powhatan Ellis resigned July 16, 1832 to become a U.S. District Judge. The governor appointed Jacksonian John Black to finish the term. But when the term ended March 3, 1833, the legislature had failed to appoint a successor.

Black was eventually elected to the seat November 22, 1833, this time as an Anti-Jacksonian.

Missouri
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri

New Jersey
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1832 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

New York (special)
Main article: 1833 United States Senate special election in New York

William L. Marcy had been elected in 1831 to the class 3 seat. In November 1832, Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833.

On January 4, 1833, Silas Wright Jr. was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected.

1833 United States Senate special election result
Candidate Party Senate
(32 members)		 Assembly
(128 members)
Silas Wright Jr. Jacksonian 24 99
John C. Spencer Anti-Mason 3 8
James Burt 1 2
Gerrit Smith 1 1
James Kent 4
Albert Gallatin 3
Gideon Hawley 3
John Birdsall Anti-Mason 1
Myron Holley 1
William Thompson 1
Albert H. Tracy Anti-Mason 1
Samuel A. Foot 1

New York (regular)
Main article: 1833 United States Senate election in New York

For the regular election, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge received majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.

1833 United States Senator election result
House Jacksonian Anti-Mason/National Republican Jacksonian
State Senate (32 members) Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 18 Francis Granger 6 Benjamin F. Butler 2
State Assembly (128 members) Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 69 Francis Granger 25 Benjamin F. Butler 12

Ohio
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

Pennsylvania
Main article: 1832–33 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

The election was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833, Samuel McKean was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.[5][6]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjourned sine die without electing a Senator.[5]

Upon the expiration of incumbent George M. Dallas's term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and elected Jacksonian Samuel McKean to the seat after three additional ballots.[6] The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7 session are as follows:

State Legislature Results[6][7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Jacksonian Samuel McKean 74 55.64
Anti-Masonic William Clark 28 21.05%
Jacksonian Thomas H. Crawford 19 14.29%
Jacksonian James Buchanan 5 3.76%
Anti-Jacksonian Garrick Mallery 3 2.26%
Jacksonian Adam King 1 0.75%
N/A Not voting 3 2.26%
Totals 133 100.00%

Rhode Island
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina (special)
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

There were two special elections to the U.S. Senate in South Carolina during this cycle.

South Carolina (special, class 2)

The first election, on December 29, 1832, was to the class 2 seat held by Nullifier Robert Y. Hayne, who had resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1835, was won by Nullifier John C. Calhoun.

South Carolina (special, class 3)

The second election, on November 25, 1833, was to the Class 3 seat held by Nullifier Stephen D. Miller, who had resigned March 2, 1833. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1837, was won by Nullifier William C. Preston.

Tennessee
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Vermont
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

Virginia
Senator William C. Rives
Senator John Tyler
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Virginia (special)

Incumbent Jacksonian senator Littleton Tazewell resigned July 16, 1832 to become Governor of Virginia. On December 10, 1832, Jacksonian William C. Rives was elected to finish the Class 2 seat's term ending March 3, 1837. He would only serve, however, until his February 22, 1834 resignation.

Virginia (regular)

Incumbent senator (and future president), John Tyler was re-elected to the Class 1 seat in 1833, changing from Jacksonian to Anti-Jacksonian.

See also

Notes
  1. also Anti-Jacksonian

References
  1. "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. "Our Campaigns - ME US Senate Race - Jan 17, 1833". www.ourcampaigns.com. June 26, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  3. J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914). Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914. State of Rhode Island manual. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 149.
  4. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 25, 1833". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  5. "U.S. Senate Election - 1832-33" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  6. "U.S. Senate Election - 7 December 1833" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  7. "PA US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
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