2024 United States Senate elections

The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve six-year terms in the U.S. Congress from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2031, and two special elections will be held to complete unexpired terms. Senators are divided into three classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators, who were last elected in 2018, will be up for election again in 2024. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the House, will also be held on this date.

For related races, see 2024 United States elections.

2024 United States Senate elections
November 5, 2024
34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51[lower-alpha 1] seats needed for a majority
 
Leader Chuck Schumer Mitch McConnell
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since January 3, 2017 January 3, 2007
Leader's seat New York Kentucky
Current seats 48[lower-alpha 2] 49
Seats needed Steady Increase 2 (or 1 + VP[lower-alpha 3])
Seats up 20 11
 
Party Independent
Current seats 3[lower-alpha 2]
Seats up 3
Map of the incumbents:
     Democratic incumbent      Democratic incumbent retiring
     Republican incumbent      Republican incumbent retiring
     Independent incumbent
     No election
Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election
Incumbent Majority Leader

Chuck Schumer
Democratic


As of October 2023, 21 senators (14 Democrats, 6 Republicans, and 1 independent) have announced plans to run for reelection. Two Republicans, Mike Braun of Indiana and Mitt Romney of Utah, along with three Democrats, Ben Cardin of Maryland, Tom Carper of Delaware, and Debbie Stabenow of Michigan, have announced their plans to retire.[2][3][4][5] In California, incumbent Dianne Feinstein announced her intention to retire but died in office on September 29, 2023; Laphonza Butler, who was appointed to fill the seat as interim senator, is not running for election to a full term.[6]

Two special elections will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections, one in California to fill the vacancy created by Feinstein's death, and one in Nebraska, following Ben Sasse's resignation to become president of the University of Florida in 2023.[7][8][9][10]

Elections analysts consider the map for these elections, like the Class 1 Senate elections in 2018, unfavorable to Democrats, who will be defending 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats.[11] Three Democrats in this class represent states won by Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 (Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia), while no Republicans represent states won by Joe Biden in 2020. Further, Democrats are defending seats in six states that Biden won by a single-digit margin (Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Michigan, Minnesota, and Maine) while Republicans are defending only two seats in states that Trump won by a single-digit margin (Florida and Texas). Additionally, Kyrsten Sinema's first term is ending in Arizona, a state that Biden won by less than half a point in 2020; before the end of the 117th Congress, Sinema left the Democratic Party and became an independent, and it is unclear whether national Democrats will support her reelection campaign, if she chooses to run, or back a Democrat.[12] In the two previous Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Susan Collins in 2020) was elected in a state that was won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.[13]

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 3 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 118th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29
Calif.
Retiring		 D30
Conn.
Running
D40
N.M.
Running		 D39
N.J.
Undeclared		 D38
Nev.
Running		 D37
Mont.
Running		 D36
Minn.
Running		 D35
Mich.
Retiring		 D34
Mass.
Running		 D33
Md.
Retiring		 D32
Hawaii
Running		 D31
Del.
Retiring
D41
N.Y.
Running		 D42
Ohio
Running		 D43
Pa.
Running		 D44
R.I.
Running		 D45
Va.
Running		 D46
Wash.
Running		 D47
W.Va.
Undeclared		 D48
Wis.
Running		 I1
Ariz.
Undeclared		 I2
Maine
Running
Majority (with Independents) ↑
R41
Miss.
Running		 R42
Mo.
Running		 R43
Neb. (reg)
Running		 R44
Neb. (sp)
Running		 R45
N.D.
Undeclared		 R46
Tenn.
Undeclared		 R47
Texas
Running		 R48
Utah
Retiring		 R49
Wyo.
Undeclared		 I3
Vt.
Undeclared
R40
Ind.
Retiring		 R39
Fla.
Running		 R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

After the elections
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 Ariz.
TBD		 Calif.
TBD
Minn.
TBD		 Mich.
TBD		 Mass.
TBD		 Md.
TBD		 Maine
TBD		 Ind.
TBD		 Hawaii
TBD		 Fla.
TBD		 Del.
TBD		 Conn.
TBD
Mont.
TBD		 Miss.
TBD		 Mo.
TBD		 N.D.
TBD		 Neb. (reg)
TBD		 Neb. (sp)
TBD		 Nev.
TBD		 N.J.
TBD		 N.M.
TBD		 N.Y.
TBD
Majority TBD →
W.Va.
TBD		 Wash.
TBD		 Va.
TBD		 Vt.
TBD		 Utah
TBD		 Texas
TBD		 Tenn.
TBD		 R.I.
TBD		 Pa.
TBD		 Ohio
TBD
Wis.
TBD		 Wyo.
TBD		 R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Key
D# Democratic
R# Republican
I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Predictions

Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:

  • "tossup": no advantage
  • "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
  • "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
  • "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
  • "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory
Constituency Incumbent Ratings
State PVI[14] Senator Last
election[lower-alpha 4]		 Cook
September 26,
2023[15]		 IE
September 22,
2023[16]		 Sabato
January 24,
2023[17]		 ED
May 4,
2023[18]
Arizona R+2 Kyrsten Sinema 50.0% D[lower-alpha 5] Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup
California[lower-alpha 6] D+13 Laphonza Butler
(retiring)		 Appointed
(2023)[lower-alpha 7] 		Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Connecticut D+7 Chris Murphy 59.5% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Delaware D+7 Tom Carper
(retiring)		 60.0% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Florida R+3 Rick Scott 50.1% R Likely R Solid R Likely R Likely R
Hawaii D+14 Mazie Hirono 71.2% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Indiana R+11 Mike Braun
(retiring)		 50.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Maine D+2 Angus King 54.3% I Solid D/I Solid D/I Likely D/I Safe D/I
Maryland D+14 Ben Cardin
(retiring)		 64.9% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Massachusetts D+15 Elizabeth Warren 60.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Michigan R+1 Debbie Stabenow
(retiring)		 52.3% D Lean D Lean D Lean D Lean D
Minnesota D+1 Amy Klobuchar 60.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Mississippi R+11 Roger Wicker 58.5% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Missouri R+10 Josh Hawley 51.4% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Montana R+11 Jon Tester 50.3% D Lean D Tossup Tossup Tossup
Nebraska
(regular)		 R+13 Deb Fischer 57.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Nebraska
(special)		 R+13 Pete Ricketts Appointed
(2023)[lower-alpha 8] 		Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Nevada R+1 Jacky Rosen 50.4% D Lean D Tilt D Lean D Lean D
New Jersey D+6 Bob Menendez 54.0% D Likely D Likely D Safe D Safe D
New Mexico D+3 Martin Heinrich 54.1% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
New York D+10 Kirsten Gillibrand 67.0% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
North Dakota R+20 Kevin Cramer 55.1% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Ohio R+6 Sherrod Brown 53.4% D Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup
Pennsylvania R+2 Bob Casey Jr. 55.7% D Lean D Tilt D Likely D Likely D
Rhode Island D+8 Sheldon Whitehouse 61.4% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
Tennessee R+14 Marsha Blackburn 54.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Texas R+5 Ted Cruz 50.9% R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R
Utah R+13 Mitt Romney
(retiring)		 62.6% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Vermont D+16 Bernie Sanders 67.4% I Solid D/I Solid D/I Safe D/I Safe D/I
Virginia D+3 Tim Kaine 57.0% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D
Washington D+8 Maria Cantwell 58.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Safe D
West Virginia R+22 Joe Manchin 49.6% D Tossup Tilt R (flip) Lean R (flip) Safe R (flip)
Wisconsin R+2 Tammy Baldwin 55.4% D Lean D Lean D Lean D Lean D
Wyoming R+25 John Barrasso 67.0% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Safe R
Overall[lower-alpha 9] D - 48
R - 49
3 tossups 		D - 47
R - 50
3 tossups 		D - 47
R - 50
3 tossups 		D - 47
R - 50
3 tossups

Retirements

As of October 2023, six senators have announced plans to retire. Dianne Feinstein of California announced her intent to retire at the end of her term, but she died in office on September 29, 2023. Laphonza Butler, who was appointed by California governor Gavin Newsom to finish Feinstein's term, announced on October 19 that she will not run for a full term.

State Senator Ref
California Laphonza Butler [6]
Delaware Tom Carper [4]
Indiana Mike Braun [2]
Maryland Ben Cardin [3]
Michigan Debbie Stabenow [8]
Utah Mitt Romney [5]

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

State
(linked to
summaries below)		 Incumbent Status Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
California
(Class 1)		 Laphonza Butler Democratic 2023 (appointed) Interim appointee retiring[6]
TBD
Nebraska
(Class 2)		 Pete Ricketts Republican 2023 (appointed) Interim appointee running

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

State
(linked to
summaries below)		 Incumbent Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history Last race Result
Arizona Kyrsten Sinema Independent 2018[lower-alpha 5] 50.0% D Incumbent's intent unknown
California Laphonza Butler Democratic 2023 (appointed) 54.2% D[lower-alpha 7] Interim appointee retiring[6]
  • ▌Akinyemi Agbede (Democratic)[27]
  • ▌Fepbrina Keivaulqe Autiameineire (NPP)[28]
  • ▌James Bradley (Republican)[29]
  • ▌Eric Early (Republican)[30]
  • ▌Jacob Farmos (Democratic)[29]
  • ▌Frank Ferreira (NPP)[27]
  • ▌Denice Gary-Pandol (Republican)[31]
  • ▌Steve Garvey (Republican)[32]
  • ▌Jehu Hand (Republican)[27]
  • ▌Zafar Inam (Democratic)[33]
  • ▌Zakaria Kortam (Republican)[27]
  • ▌Roxanne Lawler (Republican)[28]
  • ▌Barbara Lee (Democratic)[34]
  • ▌Sarah Sun Liew (Republican)[27]
  • ▌Christina Pascucci (Democratic)[35]
  • ▌David Peterson (Democratic)[29]
  • ▌Douglas Pierce (Democratic)[27]
  • ▌Katie Porter (Democratic)[36]
  • ▌Perry Pound (Democratic)[29]
  • ▌Raji Rab (Democratic)[28]
  • ▌Lexi Reese (Democratic)[37]
  • ▌Jonathan Reiss (Republican)[27]
  • ▌Jessica Resendez (Democratic)[28]
  • ▌John Rose (Democratic)[29]
  • ▌Mark Ruzon[lower-alpha 10] (NPP)[29]
  • ▌Adam Schiff (Democratic)[38]
  • ▌James Shuster (Republican)[29]
Connecticut Chris Murphy Democratic 2012
2018		 59.5% D Incumbent running
Delaware Tom Carper Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018		 60.0% D Incumbent retiring[4]
Florida Rick Scott Republican 2018 50.1% R Incumbent running
Hawaii Mazie Hirono Democratic 2012
2018		 71.2% D Incumbent running
Indiana Mike Braun Republican 2018 50.7% R Incumbent retiring to
run for governor of Indiana[2]
Maine Angus King Independent 2012
2018		 54.3% I Incumbent running
Maryland Ben Cardin Democratic 2006
2012
2018		 64.9% D Incumbent retiring[3]
Massachusetts Elizabeth Warren Democratic 2012
2018		 60.3% D Incumbent running
Michigan Debbie Stabenow Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018		 52.3% D Incumbent retiring[8]
Minnesota Amy Klobuchar DFL 2006
2012
2018		 60.3% D Incumbent running
Mississippi Roger Wicker Republican 2007 (appointed)
2008 (special)
2012
2018		 58.5% R Incumbent running
Missouri Josh Hawley Republican 2018 51.4% R Incumbent running
Montana Jon Tester Democratic 2006
2012
2018		 50.3% D Incumbent running
Nebraska Deb Fischer Republican 2012
2018		 57.7% R Incumbent running
Nevada Jacky Rosen Democratic 2018 50.4% D Incumbent running
New Jersey Bob Menendez Democratic 2006 (appointed)
2006
2012
2018		 54.0% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • ▌Nicholas Carducci (Independent)[112]
  • ▌Daniel Cruz (Republican)[112]
  • ▌Larry Hamm (Democratic)[113]
  • ▌Kyle Jasey (Democratic)[114]
  • ▌Christina Khalil (Green)[115]
  • ▌Andy Kim (Democratic)[116]
  • ▌Gregg Mele (Republican)[117]
  • ▌Christine Serrano Glassner (Republican)[118]
New Mexico Martin Heinrich Democratic 2012
2018		 54.1% D Incumbent running
New York Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic 2009 (appointed)
2010 (special)
2012
2018		 67.0% D Incumbent running
North Dakota Kevin Cramer Republican 2018 55.1% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • ▌Katrina Christiansen (Democratic–NPL)[121]
Ohio Sherrod Brown Democratic 2006
2012
2018		 53.4% D Incumbent running
Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. Democratic 2006
2012
2018		 55.7% D Incumbent running
Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic 2006
2012
2018		 61.4% D Incumbent running
Tennessee Marsha Blackburn Republican 2018 54.7% R Incumbent's intent unknown
Texas Ted Cruz Republican 2012
2018		 50.9% R Incumbent running
Utah Mitt Romney Republican 2018 62.6% R Incumbent retiring[5]
Vermont Bernie Sanders Independent 2006
2012
2018		 67.4% I Incumbent's intent unknown
Virginia Tim Kaine Democratic 2012
2018		 57.0% D Incumbent running
Washington Maria Cantwell Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018		 58.3% D Incumbent running
West Virginia Joe Manchin Democratic 2010 (special)
2012
2018		 49.6% D Incumbent's intent unknown
Wisconsin Tammy Baldwin Democratic 2012
2018		 55.4% D Incumbent running
Wyoming John Barrasso Republican 2007 (appointed)
2008 (special)
2012
2018		 67.0% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • ▌Reid Rasner (Republican)[167]

Arizona
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Arizona
See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022.[168] She has filed paperwork to run for a second term, but has not made an official announcement.[169] Sinema has received a cross-party endorsement from Republican senator Lisa Murkowski.[170]

Due to Sinema's opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda, she is considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party,[171] with U.S. representative Ruben Gallego running for the Democratic nomination.[172][173]

Among Republicans, Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake have announced their candidacies.[174][23] 2022 Senate nominee Blake Masters[175] and solar panel manufacturer Jim Lamon[176] are considering running for the Republican nomination. Former governor Doug Ducey said he is unlikely to run.[177]

California
Main article: 2024 United States Senate elections in California
See also: List of United States senators from California and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term.[178] However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY's List, was appointed by California Governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023.[179] Butler is not running for election to a full term.[6]

U.S. representatives Barbara Lee,[34] Katie Porter,[36] and Adam Schiff[180] are running as Democrats.

Attorney Eric Early,[181] educator Denice Gary-Pandol,[182] contract administrator Roxanne Lawler,[28] and former professional baseball player Steve Garvey are running as Republicans.[183][184]

Due to California's election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there will be two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025, and a special election to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.

Connecticut
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He has announced he is running for a third term.[185] Controversial lobbyist Robert F. Hyde is a Republican candidate.[186]

Delaware
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Delaware
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He is retiring and will not run for a fifth term.[187]

Delaware's at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester is running for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.[188][41]

Term-limited governor John Carney is also considered a possible Democratic candidate.[187][189] Carney announced that he is considering a campaign for mayor of Wilmington.[190]

Florida
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Florida
See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term.[48] Due to his role in a worse-than-expected midterm for Republicans, Scott is seen as potentially vulnerable to a primary challenge. Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross is expected to announce a primary challenge against Scott, with U.S. representative Byron Donalds seen as another potential candidate for the nomination.[191][192]

Former U.S. Representative Debbie Mucarsel-Powell is running for the Democratic nomination to challenge Scott.[47] Former U.S. representative Stephanie Murphy,[193] state senator Shevrin Jones,[194] suspended Hillsborough County state’s attorney Andrew H. Warren,[195] Brevard County School Board trustee Jennifer Jenkins,[196] and former professional basketball players Grant Hill and Dwyane Wade[197] are also considered potential Democratic candidates.

Hawaii
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii
See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.[40]

Indiana
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Indiana
See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana.[2] U.S. representative Jim Banks is running,[198] while former representative Trey Hollingsworth and state attorney general and 2018 Senate candidate Todd Rokita are all seen as potential candidates for the Republican nomination to succeed Braun.[199][200]

Indianapolis City councilman Keith Potts has filed to run as a Democrat.[201] Indianapolis mayor Joe Hogsett, a former Indiana secretary of state and former chair of the Indiana Democratic Party, is seen as a potential candidate for the Democratic nomination.[202][203]

Maine
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maine
See also: List of United States senators from Maine and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intends to run for a third term despite previously hinting that he may retire.[204]

Democratic consultant David Costello has announced he is challenging King.[57] U.S. representative Jared Golden is considered a potential candidate for the Democratic nomination.[205]

Maryland
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he is not running for reelection.[206]

Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks,[59] tech executive Marcellus Crews,[61] telecommunications executive Juan Dominguez,[207] perennial candidate Jerome Segal,[67] and U.S. Representative David Trone[69] are running for the Democratic nomination. State delegate Jon Cardin, nephew of Ben Cardin,[208] is also considering running for the Democratic nomination.

Former state delegate Robin Ficker, perennial candidate Ray Bly,[60] and Air Force veteran John Teichert[68] are running as Republicans. State delegate Kathy Szeliga[209] is seen as potential Republican candidate. Former governor Larry Hogan declined to run.[210]

Massachusetts
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she is running for reelection.[211]

Software company owner Robert Antonellis is running as a Republican.[212] Former lieutenant governor Karyn Polito is seen as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination.[213]

Michigan
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan
See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She is retiring, and will not run for a fifth term.[8] Representative Elissa Slotkin,[214] State Board of Education president Pamela Pugh,[79] and state representative Leslie Love[215] have announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun has also declared his candidacy as a Democrat.[216] Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023.[217]

Former Detroit Police Chief James Craig, former U.S. representative Mike Rogers, and State Board of Education trustee Nikki Snyder are running for the Republican nomination.[218][219][220]

Representatives Bill Huizenga and Lisa McClain, former representative Peter Meijer, state senator Ruth Johnson, and 2022 gubernatorial candidate Kevin Rinke[221] are also considered possible Republican candidates.[222]

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.[223]

Minnesota
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota
See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She is running for a fourth term.[40]

Mississippi
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker is running for a third full term. He is facing a primary challenge from state representative Dan Eubanks[224] and will be challenged in the general election by Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins.[92]

Missouri
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. He is running for reelection.[95]

Marine Veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 2022, has announced he is running again. St. Louis County district attorney Wesley Bell[225] and December Harmon, a member of the Columbia Police Review Board,[226] have also announced their campaigns for the Democratic nomination.

On July 8, 2023, state senator Karla May announced that she would be a candidate.[227]

Montana
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Montana
See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he is running for a fourth term. Tester is one of three Democratic senators who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[228]

Businessman Tim Sheehy is running for the Republican nomination.[100] U.S. representative Matt Rosendale is also expected to enter the Republican primary.[229] State attorney general Austin Knudsen is considered another potential Republican candidate.[230][231]

Nebraska
See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.[102]

Nebraska (special)
Main article: 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.[232][7] Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts and Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination.[233]

Nevada
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nevada
See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.[40]

Among Republicans, former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, who ran for secretary of state in 2022, has announced his candidacy.[234] On July 9, 2023, veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown announced that he would be a candidate.[235] Other potential Republican challengers include state Senate minority leader Heidi Gansert, former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter,[236] reality television personality Rick Harrison, and venture capitalist Guy Nohra.[237][238][239][240][221] Former state attorney general Adam Laxalt, who narrowly lost to Senator Catherine Cortez Masto in 2022, has said that he is unlikely to challenge Rosen.[241]

New Jersey
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey

Three-term Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth term.[242][243] On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges.[244] Numerous national and New Jersey Democrats, including Governor Phil Murphy, called on Menendez to resign the same day.[245]

Congressman Andy Kim has called on Menendez to resign and is running for the Democratic nomination.[116] A number of other Democrats have also been speculated as potential appointees or primary candidates, including Representatives Mikie Sherrill, Bonnie Watson Coleman, Donald Norcross, Frank Pallone, and Josh Gottheimer, state Senate Majority Leader Teresa Ruiz, and Lieutenant Governor Tahesha Way.[246]

Mendham Mayor Christine Serrano Glassner[247] and former Andover Township School Board Trustee Daniel Cruz have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination.[112] Congressman Jeff Van Drew is thinking of running for the Republican nomination as well.[248]

New Mexico
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico
See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He is running for a third term.[119]

New York
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She is running for a third full term.[249] Former representative of New York's 1st congressional district and Republican nominee for governor of New York in 2022 Lee Zeldin has not ruled out seeking the Republican nomination to challenge Gillibrand.[250]

North Dakota
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota
See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote.

Democrat Kristin Hedger, a businesswoman and nominee for North Dakota secretary of state in 2006 has filed paperwork to run for Cramer's seat, but has yet to make an official announcement.[251]

Ohio
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term.[122]

State senator Matt Dolan,[123] Ohio secretary of state Frank LaRose,[252] and businessman Bernie Moreno[253] are running for the Republican nomination.

Pennsylvania
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey is running for a fourth term.[126]

2022 Senate candidate David McCormick is running for the Republican nomination.[254][255][256][257][258][259] On September 30, 2023, the Pennsylvania Republican Party endorsed McCormick.[260]

Rhode Island
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He is running for a fourth term. Republicans who have announced their candidacies include state Representative Patricia Morgan[261] and IT professional Raymond McKay.[129]

Tennessee
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn has filed paperwork to run for reelection. Democratic State representative Gloria Johnson, who avoided expulsion by one vote in April 2023, announced her candidacy in September.[133]

Texas
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Texas
See also: List of United States senators from Texas and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was reelected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz is running for a third term despite advocating congressional term limits.[262]

U.S. representative Colin Allred, criminologist Tracy Andrus, state senator Roland Gutierrez, and state representative Carl Sherman are running as Democrats.[134][263] State representative James Talarico is also considered a possible Democratic candidate.[264][265]

Utah
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Utah
See also: List of United States senators from Utah and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote.

On May 23, 2023, Republican Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs became the first announced candidate in the race.[147] State House speaker Brad Wilson formed an exploratory committee[266] before annoucning his candidacy on September 27, 2023.[148] Former U.S. representative Jason Chaffetz is also considered a possible Republican candidate,[267] and Operation Underground Railroad founder Tim Ballard is also thinking of running.[268]

On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.[269]

Vermont
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Vermont
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was reelected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He is being challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.[149]

Virginia
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term.[270] Governor Glenn Youngkin, who will be term-limited in 2025, is considered a possible Republican candidate.[271]

On July 18, 2023, navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022.[272]

Washington
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Washington
See also: List of United States senators from Washington and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote.

Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican.[273]

West Virginia
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia

Two-term Democrat Joe Manchin was reelected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. There have been reports that he plans to run for a third full term,[274] but on October 5, 2022, Manchin said, "What I do in 2024 has nothing to do with what I do right now" and that he was watching the 2022 elections before deciding.[40] On March 5, 2023, Manchin said he would make his decision in December 2023, although he had filed paperwork to run.[275]

Governor Jim Justice[159] and Representative Alex Mooney[161] are running in the Republican primary.

Manchin has received cross-party endorsements from fellow senators Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski.[276]

Wisconsin
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She is running for reelection.[163] Trempealeau County Supervisor Stacey Klein announced her candidacy[277] Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, has publicly expressed interest in a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former congressman Sean Duffy, businessman Scott Mayer,[278] and former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke[279] are seen as potential Republican challengers.[280][281]

Wyoming
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming
See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

Two-term Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote.

See also

Notes
  1. Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate. Accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats without control of the vice presidency or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
  2. All three independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Angus King of Maine, and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona) caucus with Senate Democrats.[1]
  3. The U.S. vice president, who will be determined in 2024, breaks ties in a 50–50 Senate. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not.
  4. The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
  5. Sinema was elected as a Democrat and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
  6. In both the regular election and the special election.
  7. Democrat Dianne Feinstein won with 54.2% of the vote in 2018 against a fellow Democrat, but died in office on September 29, 2023.
  8. Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.
  9. Democratic total includes 3 Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
  10. Ruzon is a member of the American Solidarity Party, but is running as No Party Preference because the American Solidarity Party does not currently have ballot access in California.[29]

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