Apfelwein

Apfelwein ([ˈʔapfl̩vaɪn] German, 'apple wine'),[1][2] or Viez ([fiːts] Moselfranken, Saarland, Trier, vice) or Most ([mɔst] Austria, Switzerland, South Germany, must) are German words for cider.[3] It is made from a mix of sour tasting apples, such as "Bohnapfel" or "Speierling", respectively.[4] It has an alcohol content of 4.8–7.0% and a tart, sour taste.

"Apple wine" redirects here. For other uses, see Cider.
Apfelwein
Apfelwein with Bembel
TypeCider
Country of origin Germany
ColorGold
IngredientsGranny Smith or Bramley Apples

Apfelwein is also regionally known as Ebbelwoi, Äppler, Stöffsche, Apfelmost (apple must), Viez (from Latin vice, the second or substitute wine), and saurer Most (sour must, Süßmost or sweet must is essentially apple juice). Instead of the name Äppler, restaurants and smaller manufacturers may instead call the beverage Schoppen or Schoppe, which actually refers to the measure of the glass.

In the Frankfurt area, berries from the service tree (Sorbus domestica) may be added in small quantities to increase astringency,[5] in which case the specific type of Apfelwein is called Speierling. In modern times, the term Speierling is often also used to refer to any more sour variety of Apfelwein, even if it lacks any juice of the service tree.

Production
Main article: Cider

Apfelwein is made from pressed apples. The juice or must is fermented with yeast to produce an alcoholic beverage usually around 6% ABV. It can be made with the addition of the unprocessed juice from the fruit of a small, indigenous tree known as Speierling (Sorbus domestica) or Speyerling, an endangered species that is easily confused with the wild apple.

Apfelwein is mainly produced and consumed in Hesse (where it is the state beverage), particularly in the Frankfurt, Wetterau, and Odenwald areas. It is also found in Moselfranken, Merzig (Saarland), and the Trier area, as well as the lower Saar area and the region bordering on Luxembourg. Several large producers are located in these regions, as well as numerous small, private producers which use traditional recipes. Some of the most famous restaurants where Apfelwein is served are in Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main). Some of these regions have regular cider competitions and fairs, in which the small, private producers participate. Cider songs are composed and sung at these events. The Merzig region crowns a "Viez Queen", and the lower Saar area a "Viez King".

Culture
Cider-making equipment on display along Viezstraße
Viezstraße road sign

Apfelwein is served in a Geripptes, a glass with a lozenge cut that refracts light and improves grip—a holdover from the past, when some meals were traditionally eaten without cutlery.[6] Traditional Apfelwein restaurants serve a "proper" 0.30-litre (10-oz) serving, although some establishments may also have a 0.25-l or 0.50-l version of the glass.[7] A Geripptes filled with Apfelwein is also called a Schoppen (mainly in Frankfurt and the surrounding areas)

Most establishments also serve Apfelwein by the Bembel (a specific Apfelwein jug), much like how beer can be purchased by the pitcher in many countries. The paunchy Bembel (made from salt-glazed stoneware) usually has a basic grey colour with blue-painted detailing. In the Eifel region, near Hunsrück, around Moseltal, along the lower Saar and in Trier, the drinking container is called Viezporz and consists of white porcelain or stoneware.

Hot Apfelwein is commonly taken as an old household remedy against colds, or as a warming beverage in the cold season. The Apfelwein is heated and served with a cinnamon stick, possibly with cloves and a slice of orange, much like mulled wine.

An official Viez route, (Route du Cidre) connects Saarburg with the border to Luxembourg. An annual Viez Fest is celebrated in Merzig. The date is usually the second Saturday in October.

Commercial varieties
Examples of commercial apfelweins sold in Germany
  • Heil Eschbacher Traditions Apfelwein
    Heil Eschbacher Traditions Apfelwein
  • Höhl Der alte Hochstädter Speyerling Apfelwein
    Höhl Der alte Hochstädter Speyerling Apfelwein
  • Kelterei Heil Apfelwein Speierlinge
    Kelterei Heil Apfelwein Speierlinge
  • Müller Speierling Apfelwein
    Müller Speierling Apfelwein
  • Müller Wetterauer Apfelwein
    Müller Wetterauer Apfelwein
  • Possmann Frankfurter Apfelwein
    Possmann Frankfurter Apfelwein
  • Possmann Frau Rauscher Speierling
    Possmann Frau Rauscher Speierling
  • Rapp's Meisterschoppen Naturtrüb
    Rapp's Meisterschoppen Naturtrüb
  • Rapp's Wetterauer Gold Apfelwein
    Rapp's Wetterauer Gold Apfelwein
  • Uhl Apfelwein
    Uhl Apfelwein

See also

References
  1. Ashok Pandey (4 Jun 2004). Concise Encyclopedia of Bioresource Technology. Psychology Press. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-56022-980-3. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  2. -Heidemarie Vos (31 Mar 2010). Passion of a Foodie - An International Kitchen Companion. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-934925-63-8. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  3. William Bradford Alwood (1903). A Study of Cider Making in France, Germany, and England. US Dept of Agriculture. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-4400-6864-5. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  4. Riebsamen, Hans (20 April 2007). "Apfelwein: Missionar unter Apfelblüten". FAZ.NET (in German). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  5. David Arthey, P. R. Ashurst (1996). Fruit Processing. Springer. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7514-0039-7. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  6. de:Geripptes
  7. "Apfelwein-Restaurant Fichtekränzi, Frankfurt am Main: Apple wine". Archived from the original on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2014-06-06.
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