Foreign relations of Austria

The 1955 Austrian State Treaty ended the four-power occupation and recognized Austria as an independent and sovereign state. In October 1955, the Federal Assembly passed a constitutional law in which "Austria declares of her own free will her perpetual neutrality." The second section of this law stated that "in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory." Since then, Austria has shaped its foreign policy on the basis of neutrality.

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of Austria
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Wöginger • Rendi-Wagner • Kickl • Maurer • Meinl-Reisinger •

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Elections
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Nations with which Austria has diplomatic relations.

In recent years, however, Austria has begun to reassess its definition of neutrality, granting overflight rights for the UN-sanctioned action against Iraq in 1991, and, since 1995, contemplating participation in the EU's evolving security structure. Also in 1995, it joined the Partnership for Peace, and subsequently participated in peacekeeping missions in Bosnia. Discussion of possible Austrian NATO membership intensified during 1996. ÖVP and Team Stronach aim at moving closer to NATO or a European defense arrangement. SPÖ and FPÖ, in turn, believe continued neutrality is the cornerstone of Austria's foreign policy, and a majority of the population generally supports this stance.

In February 2000, Austria's foreign relations underwent controversy when the ÖVP formed a coalition with the FPÖ after the 1999 election. European governments imposed diplomatic sanctions, and the United States recalled its ambassador.[1] Sanctions were lifted in September 2000 after a three-member panel assessed human rights and political life in Austria.[2] In November 2000, the United States and Austria normalized their relations.[3]

Austrian leaders emphasize the unique role the country plays as an East-West hub and as a moderator between industrialized and developing countries. Austria is active in the United Nations and experienced in UN peacekeeping efforts. It attaches great importance to participation in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and other international economic organizations, and it has played an active role in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

Vienna hosts the Secretariat of the OSCE and the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and the United Nations Drug Control Programme. Other international organizations based in Vienna include the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Organization for International Economic Relations (OiER) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Recently, Vienna added the preparatory commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization and the Wassenaar Arrangement (a technology-transfer control agency) to the list of international organizations it hosts. Furthermore, the Permanent Secretariat of an international territorial treaty for the sustainable development of the Alps called the Alpine Convention is located in Tyrol's capital Innsbruck.

Austria traditionally has been active in "bridge-building to the east," increasing contacts at all levels with Eastern Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. Austrians maintain a constant exchange of business representatives, investment, trade, political leaders, students, cultural groups, and tourists with the countries of central and eastern Europe. In addition, the Austrian Government and various Austrian organizations provide assistance and training to support the changes underway in the region.

Bilateral relations

Austria maintains significant bilateral relations with several countries.

Multilateral
Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
 European Union See 1995 enlargement of the European Union

Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995.

 NATO See Austria–NATO relations

Austria is not a member of NATO.

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria
  • Algeria has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria has an embassy in Algiers.
 Angola 25 October 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1977[4]
 Benin 1 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1964[5]
 Burkina Faso
  • Austria is accredited to Burkina Faso from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal[6]
  • Burkina Faso has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1960.[7]
 Cape Verde 29 April 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1978[8]
 Comoros 8 May 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 2007[9]
 Republic of Congo 12 July 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1978 when Austrian Ambassador to Zaire Dr. Erwin Matsch , who has been appointed Ambassador to the People's Republic of Congo, presented his credentials to President Gen. Joachim Yhombi-Opango.[10]
 Cote d'Ivoire 14 January 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 1969[11]
 Djibouti 18 January 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1983[12]
 Egypt1929 See Austria–Egypt relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Vienna.
 Equatorial Guinea 1 March 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1976[13]
 Ethiopia 23 July 1948 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1948[14]
 Gabon 1 April 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1970[15]
 Guinea-Bissau 15 October 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 1976[16]
 Kenya15 December 1964 See Austria–Kenya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when established Austrian Embassy in Nairobi.[17]

  • Austria has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Vienna.
 Liberia 25 June 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1963[18]
 Malawi 2 December 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1965[19]
 Mauritania
  • Austria is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Mauritania is accredited to Austria from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Morocco
  • Austria has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Vienna.
 Namibia5 October 1990Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1990[20]
  • Austria is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia has an embassy in Vienna.
 Nigeria21 December 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962[21]
  • Austria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Vienna.
 Sao Tome and Principe 3 May 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1993[22]
 Seychelles 12 January 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1977[23]
 Sierra Leone 1 March 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1975[24]
 South Africa
  • Austria has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Vienna.
 South Sudan 21 September 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2011[25]
 Sudan 24 January 1956 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1956[26]
 Tanzania 31 August 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1966 when the Austrian Ambassador to Tanzania (resident in Nairobi) , Dr. F. Kudernatsch , presented his credentials to President Nyerere.[27]
 Tunisia
  • Austria has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Vienna.
 Uganda26 January 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1966 when the Austrian Ambassador to Uganda (resident in Nairobi) , Dr. F. Kudernatsch presented his credentials to the President , Sir Edward Mutesa.[28]
  • Austria is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Uganda is accredited to Austria from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and an honorary consulate in Vienna.
 Zambia 18 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Austria to Zambia (resident in Nairobi) Dr. Friedrich Kudernatsch[29]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina1864 See Argentina–Austria relations
  • Argentina has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Bahamas 23 October 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 October 1978[30]
 Belize1989
  • Austria is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
 Bolivia
  • Austria is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Vienna.
 BrazilSee Austria–Brazil relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Brasília and a consulate-general in São Paulo.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Vienna.
 Canada9 August 1952 See Austria–Canada relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1952[31]

  • Permanent embassies were exchanged in 1958.
  • Austria has an embassy in Ottawa.
  • Canada has an embassy in Vienna.
 Chile1846 See Austria–Chile relations
 Colombia1920see Austria–Colombia relations
  • Austria has an embassy Bogotá.
  • Colombia has an embassy in Vienna.
 Cuba
  • Austria has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Vienna.
 Dominica
  • Austria is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.
  • Dominica does not have an accreditation to Austria.
 El Salvador
  • Austria is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • El Salvador has an embassy in Vienna.
 Grenada3 November 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978[32]
  • Austria is accredited to Grenada from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.
  • Grenada does not have an accreditation to Austria.
 Haiti
  • Austria is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Haiti is accredited to Austria from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.
 Honduras20 February 1952Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1952 when Dr. Wolfgang Hoeller, Charge d'Affaires of Austria with residence in Mexico presents his letters of credentials to Cabinet of Honduras.[33]
  • Austria is accredited to Honduras from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • Honduras has an embassy in Vienna.
 Jamaica
  • Austria is accredited to Jamaica from its embassy in Ottawa, Canada.
  • Jamaica is accredited to Austria from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.
 Mexico1842See Austria–Mexico relations

During the French intervention in Mexico between 1864 and 1867, with French backing Maximilian I of Mexico, member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico.

  • Austria has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Vienna.
 Paraguay
  • Austria is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Vienna.
 Peru2 November 1949
Main article: Austria–Peru relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Lima, and honorary consulates in Cuzco, Trujillo, Iquitos, and Arequipa.
  • Peru has an embassy in Vienna, and consulates in Innsbruck and Salzburg.[34]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 29 October 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1990[35]
 Suriname 3 May 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1977[36]
 United States1921See Austria–United States relations
 UruguaySee Austria–Uruguay relations
  • Austria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Vienna.
 Venezuela
  • Austria is accredited to Venezuela from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Vienna.

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia24 January 1992 See Armenia–Austria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1992[37]

  • Armenia has and embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria is accredited to Armenia from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vienna and maintains an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
  • Austria has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2015.
 Azerbaijan20 February 1992 See Austria–Azerbaijan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1992[38]

  • Austria has an embassy in Baku.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Vienna.
 Bahrain 18 May 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1975[39]
 China28 May 1971 See Austria–China relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1971

 Georgia25 March 1992See Austria–Georgia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1992[40]

Georgia opened its embassy in Vienna in 1996.[41]

  • Austria has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Vienna.
 India1949See Austria–India relations
  • Austria has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Vienna.
 IranSee Austria–Iran relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Tehran.
  • Iran has an embassy in Vienna.
  • On July 3, 2018, Austria announced it was revoking the diplomatic immunity of an Iranian diplomat in Vienna, due to his alleged role in a French bomb plot.[42]
 Iraq
  • Austria is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Amman, Jordan.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Vienna.
 Israel1949See Austria–Israel relations

See also History of the Jews in Austria.

 Japan1869-10See Austria–Japan relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Vienna.
 KazakhstanSee Austria–Kazakhstan relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Vienna.
 Kuwait 6 June 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1965 when Austria's first Ambassador presents his credentials to the Amir of Kuwait, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[43]
 Kyrgyzstan
  • Austria is accredited to Kyrgyzstan from its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Vienna.
 Lebanon
  • Austria has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Vienna.
 Malaysia15 September 1962See Austria–Malaysia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1962.[44]

  • Austria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Malaysia is one of Austria's most important trading partners in Southeast Asia.[45]
 North Korea1974[46]
  • Austria is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • North Korea has an embassy in Vienna.
 Oman 19 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1973[47]
 Pakistan1956 See Austria–Pakistan relations

Relations between the two countries are generally friendly. The diplomatic ties between Pakistan and Austria were established in 1956 when Pakistan formally recognized Austria.

  • Austria also has an embassy in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Vienna.
 Philippines1946-10-17 See Austria–Philippines relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Manila
  • Philippines has an embassy in Vienna.
 Qatar 5 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1973[48]
 Saudi Arabia10 September 1957See Austria–Saudi Arabia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1957[49]

  • Both countries had diplomatic contact since July 7, 1880, with the opening of an Austrian consulate in Jeddah (then under Ottoman occupation).
  • Austria has an embassy in Riyadh
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Vienna.
 South Korea1892 As Chosun Dynasty/1963-05-22[50] See Austria–South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Austria in German (Republik Österreich) and the Republic of Korea in Korean (대한민국) Started on 1892. In April 2007 the President of Austria Heinz Fischer paid a state visit to South Korea. It was the first ever state visit of an Austrian President to South Korea.[51]

  • Austria has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Vienna.
 Syria 7 February 1952 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1952 when has been accredited Minister of Austria to Syria (Resident in Cairo) Dr. Robert Friedinger - Pranter.[52]
 TurkeySee Austria–Turkey relations
 TurkmenistanSee Austria–Turkmenistan relations
  • Austria is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan.
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Vienna.
 United Arab Emirates10 March 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1974[53]
  • Austria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Vienna.
 VietnamSee Austria–Vietnam relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Vienna.
 Yemen See Austria–Yemen relations

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania1912 See Albania–Austria relations

Austria-Hungary supported Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.

 Andorra 20 March 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 March 1995[54]
 Belarus5 February 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1992[55]
  • Austria has an embassy in Minsk.
  • Belarus has an embassy in Vienna.
 Belgium22 July 1832 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1832 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Austria baron de Loe.[56]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina8 April 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1992[57]
  • Austria has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria is an EU member and Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate.
 Bulgaria1878 See Austria–Bulgaria relations
 Croatia15 January 1992See Austria–Croatia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1992[59]

  • Austria has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Croatia joined on 1 July 2013.
 Cyprus1960 See Austria–Cyprus relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
  • Austria was one of the first countries that participated in the United Nations Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus
  • Austria actively supports Republic of Cyprus over the Turkish occupation of the island.
 Czech Republic1920-01-20See Austria–Czech Republic relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Prague.
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Vienna.

Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement.

 Denmark1925-12-19See Austria–Denmark relations
 Estonia1921-06-26
  • After the Soviet occupation, Austria re-recognised Estonia on August 28, 1991. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on January 8, 1992.
  • Austria has an embassy in Tallinn.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
 Finland1918-07-19 See Austria–Finland relations
  • Austria recognized Finland on January 13, 1918.
  • Austria has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Finland has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union in 1 January 1995.
 France1535 See Austria–France relations
 GermanySee Austria–Germany relations
 GreeceSee Austria–Greece relations
 Holy See
  • Austria has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome.
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Vienna.
 Hungary1921See Austria–Hungary relations
  • Both countries have a long common history since the ruling dynasty of Austria, the Habsburgs, inherited the Hungarian throne in the 16th century. Both were part of the now-defunct Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from 1867 to 1918.
  • Austria has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Vienna and a consulate-general in Innsbruck.
  • Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Hungary joined on 1 May 2004.
 Iceland1928
  • Austria is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark and has an honorary consulate in Reykjavík.
  • Iceland is accredited to Austria from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and maintains an honorary consulate in Vienna.
 Ireland1951
 ItalySee Austria–Italy relations
  • The Italian regions of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Trentino, Veneto, and South Tyrol were part of the Austrian Empire.
  • Austria has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan.
  • Italy has an embassy in Vienna and a consulate in Innsbruck.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
 Kosovo2008 See Austria–Kosovo relations
  • Austria recognized Kosovo on 28 February 2008.
  • Austria has an embassy in Pristina.
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Vienna.
 Latvia1921-02-17
  • Austria has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Liechtenstein
  • Austria is accredited to Liechtenstein from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vienna and maintains an honorary consulate in Vaduz.
  • Liechtenstein has an embassy in Vienna.
 Lithuania1991
  • Austria is accredited to Lithuania from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vienna and maintains an honorary consulate in Vilnius.[60]
  • Lithuania has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Luxembourg1792
 Malta9 November 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1966.[61]
  • Austria is accredited to Malta from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vienna and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
 Moldova1992-03-25See Austria–Moldova relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Chișinău.
  • Moldova has an embassy in Vienna.
 Montenegro2006-07-12 See Austria–Montenegro relations
  • Austria recognized Montenegro on June 12, 2006.
  • Austria has an embassy in Podgorica.
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate.
 Netherlands
 North MacedoniaSee Austria–North Macedonia relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Skopje.
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria is an EU member and North Macedonia is an EU candidate.
 Norway27 March 1906Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1906[62]
  • Austria has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has an embassy in Vienna.
 Poland6 September 1921 See Austria–Poland relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1921.[63]

  • Austria has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Kraków.
  • Poland has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Poland joined on 1 May 2004.
 Portugal
 Romania22 September 1878 See Austria–Romania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1878[64]

 RussiaSee Austria–Russia relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Vienna and a consulate-general in Salzburg.
 Serbia1874See Austria–Serbia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1874.

 Slovakia1993
  • Austria has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
  • Both countries share 91 km of common borders.
  • There are about 35.000 Slovak nationals living in Austria.
  • There are about 10.000 Austrians living in Slovakia.
 SloveniaSee Austria–Slovenia relations
 SpainSee Austria–Spain relations
 SwedenSee Austria–Sweden relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union in 1 January 1995.
  SwitzerlandSee Austria–Switzerland relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Vienna.
 TurkeySee Turkey in Asia Above
 Ukraine24 January 1992See Austria–Ukraine relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1992[65]

 United Kingdom1799See Austria–United Kingdom relations
  • Austria has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Vienna.

Oceania
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia1948
 Marshall Islands 1 March 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1993[68]
 Nauru 9 November 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 2005[69]
 New Zealand
  • Austria is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Vienna.
 Palau 1 December 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2004[70]
 Solomon Islands13 October 2005

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 2005[71]

 Tuvalu 23 March 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 2006[72]
 Vanuatu 29 December 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1986[73]

See also

References
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Further reading
  • Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967) covers 1603-1702; pp 111-43.
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