Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture[lower-alpha 1] is an autonomous prefecture in the northern Xinjiang, China. Its capital is Bole, also known as Bortala. It has a population of 475,483 inhabiting an area of 27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi). Despite being designated an autonomous area for Mongols in China, only a little over five and a half per cent of Bortala's population is Mongol.

Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Autonomous prefecture
Name transcription(s)
 • Chinese博尔塔拉蒙古自治州
 • Uyghurبۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
 • Mongolianᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
 • Oiratᡋᡆᠷᡆᡐᠠᠯᠠ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᡓᡇᡇ
Alashankou railway station
Alashankou railway station
Bortala Mongol Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Bortala Mongol Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Coordinates: 44°54′22″N 82°03′59″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Prefectural seatBole
Area
 • Autonomous prefecture27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)
 • Autonomous prefecture475,483[1]
 • Urban
211,235
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-XJ-27
GDP (2019)[1]CNY¥35.4 billion
US$5.1 billion
GDP per capitaCNY¥74,275
US$10,749
 – GrowthIncrease 7.1%
Websitewww.xjboz.gov.cn
Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese博尔塔拉蒙古自治州
Traditional Chinese博爾塔拉蒙古自治州
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicБорталын монгол үндэстний өөртөө засах жуу
Mongolian scriptᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Uyghur name
Uyghurبۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى‎
Oirat name
Oiratᡋᡆᠷᡆᡐᠠᠯᠠ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᡓᡇᡇ
Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu

Etymology

"Bortala" comes from the Mongolian words boro tala, which mean "brown steppe".

Geography

Bortala is located in the southwestern part of the Dzungarian Basin. It occupies a V-shaped basin between the Dzungarian Alatau in the northwest and the Borohoro Mountains in the southwest.

The prefecture borders Kazakhstan to the north and west, and has an international border of 385 km (239 mi). To the east it borders Wusu City and Toli County of Tacheng Prefecture; to the south it borders Nilka County, Yining County, and Huocheng County of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture.

The prefecture has two large lakes, Ebi-Nur and Sayram Lake.

Administrative divisions

Bortala is divided into two county-level cities, Bole and Alashankou; and two counties: Jinghe County and Wenquan County. In addition, it is home to the Fifth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and its 11 regiment-level farms / ranches.

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Mongolian Population (2010 Census) Area (km2) Density (/km2)
Bole[2] 博乐市 Bólè Shì بۆرتالا شەھىرى Börtala Shehiri ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ 235,585 7,802 30.19
Alashankou 阿拉山口市 Ālāshānkǒu Shì ﺋﺎﻻﺗﺎﯞ ﺋﯧﻐﯩﺰﻯ Alataw Shehiri ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ 10,000(?) 43 232.55
Jinghe County[2] 精河县 Jīnghé Xiàn جىڭ ناھىيىسى Jing Nahiyisi ᠵᠢᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ 141,593 11,189 12.65
Wenquan County[2] 温泉县 Wēnquán Xiàn ئارىشاڭ ناھىيىسى Arishang Nahiyisi ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ 66,502 5,862 11.34

History
Map of the area in the International Map of the World (1960)

The Tang dynasty created the Shuanghe Protectorate in this area. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the area was the territory of the Oirats. Chahar Mongols were moved here during the Qing dynasty from Kalgan, while Torghuud Oirats moved eastwards from the Volga.

The People's Republic of China established the autonomous prefecture on July 13, 1954.

Demographics

There are 35 nationalities in Bortala. According to the 2010 census, 65% of the 443,680 inhabitants are Han Chinese, while the remainder are Mongol, Uyghur, Kazakh, Hui or of other nationalities.[3]

Population by ethnicity as of 2000 and 2010.[3]
Ethnicity Population
2000		 % Population
2010		 %
Han 284,915 67.18% 288,220 64.96%
Uyghur 53,145 12.53% 59,106 13.32%
Kazakhs 38,744 9.13% 44,417 10.01%
Mongol 23,927 5.64% 25,125 5.66%
Hui 19,053 4.49% 23,180 5.22%
Dongxiang 1,587 0.37% 1,455 0.33%
Zhuang 345 0.08%
Xibe 273 0.06%
Tibetan 271 0.06%
Tujia 267 0.06%
Manchu 193 0.04%
Russian 114 0.03%
Uzbek 90 0.02%
Kyrgyz 74 0.02%
Others 2,669 550 0.12%
Total 424,100 100% 443,680 100%

Economy

In 2004 the prefecture had a total gross domestic product of 3.69 billion Renminbi (including the XPCC 5th division), an increase of 11.9% over the previous year. Annual total imports and exports totalled US$ 554 million, an increase of 96.8% over the previous year. Average annual salary was 11000 Renminbi, an increase of 7.6%; average annual pure income per capita for agricultural workers was 3904 Renminbi, an increase of 10.8%.

Transport

Alashankou is a port of entry with both railroads and roads linking China with Kazakhstan; it is also one of China's national first-class port of entry (国家一类口岸). The volume of imports / exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang, and has been second to only Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia among land ports-of-entry in China for 8 days.

Notes
    • Chinese: 博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州; pinyin: Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔzú Zìzhìzhōu; abbreviated 博尔塔拉州 or 博州
    • Uyghur: بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
    • Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ

References
  1. "博尔塔拉州2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). 19 April 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  2. The official spelling according to 中国地名录. Beijing: SinoMaps Press (中国地图出版社). 1997. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
  3. Stanley W. Toops (August 2012). Susan M. Walcott; Corey Johnson (eds.). Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea. Routledge. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-1135078751.
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