Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture[3] is an autonomous prefecture in the southeastern Xinjiang, China. It borders Gansu to the east, Qinghai to the southeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the south. It is the largest prefecture-level division nationally, with an area of 471,480 km2 (182,040 sq mi), which is even larger than its neighboring province of Gansu. The prefectural capital is Korla. Despite being designated an autonomous area for Mongols in China, only about four percent of Bayingolin's population is Mongol.

Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Autonomous prefecture
Name transcription(s)
 • Chinese巴音郭楞蒙古自治州
 • Uyghurبايىنغولىن موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
 • Mongolianᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Bayanbulak grassland in Hejing County
Bayanbulak grassland in Hejing County
Bayingolin (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Bayingolin (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Coordinates: 42°N 86°E
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Prefectural seatKorla
Area
[1]
 • Total471,480.28 km2 (182,039.55 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,509,233
 • Density3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-XJ-28
GDP (2022)[2]CN¥152 billion
US$22.6 billion
GDP per capitaCN¥100,143
US$14,889
 – GrowthIncrease 4.3%
Websitewww.xjbz.gov.cn
Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Chinese name
Chinese巴音郭楞蒙古自治州
Abbreviation
Chinese巴音郭楞州 / 巴州
Literal meaningBayingolin Prefecture
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicБаянгол - Монголын өөртөө засах жуу
Mongolian scriptᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Uyghur name
Uyghurبايىنغولىن موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى‎
Bayingolin
Chinese name
Chinese巴音郭楞
Literal meaningrich river (from Mongolian)
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicБаянгол
Mongolian scriptᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ
Uyghur name
Uyghurبايىنغولىن‎

History

In a 2017 announcement from officials in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, it was proclaimed that "there is a severe threat from international terrorism, and cars have been used as a key means of transport for terrorists as well as constantly serving as weapons. It is therefore necessary to monitor and track all vehicles in the prefecture."[4]

Demographics

According to the 2020 census, Bayingolin has 1,056,970 inhabitants (population density: 2.28 per km2).

As of 2020, 53.3% of the 1,509,233 residents of the county were Han Chinese, 36.4% were Uyghur, 5.3% were Hui and 4.0% were Mongol.[5]

Ethnic groups in Bayingolin

When Bayingolin was established in 1954, Mongols comprised 35 per cent of the prefecture's population.[6] Due to development needs and migration, the Han population increased from 1,682 in the region of Bayingolin in 1947 to over 660,000 in 2004.[7][8]

Population by ethnicity
Nationality 2000[9] 2010[10] 2015[11]
Population % Population % Population %
Han Chinese 607,774 58.05% 757,983 59.29% 826,063 59.27%
Uyghur 345,595 33.01% 406,942 31.83% 440,283 31.59%
Hui 52,252 4.99% 60,451 4.73% 64,979 4.66%
Mongol 43,544 4.16% 43,484 3.40% 50,091 3.59%
Tujia 2,336 0.18%
Miao 1,362 0.11%
Dongxiang 1,148 0.09%
Kazakhs 1,091 0.09%
Manchu 888 0.07%
Other 7,805 0.74% 2,801 0.22% 12,396 0.89%
Total 1,046,970 100% 1,278,486 100% 1,393,812 100%

Subdivisions

Bayin'gholin directly controls one county-level city, seven counties and one Hui autonomous county.

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Mongolian
 Mongolian
(Cyrillic)
(Pinyin)		 Population (2020 Census) Area (km2) Density (/km2)
Korla[12] 库尔勒市 Kù'ěrlè Shì كورلا شەھىرى Korla Shehiri ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ Хорол хот
Qorol qota		 779,352 7,378 105.63
Luntai County[12] (Bügür) 轮台县 Lúntái Xiàn بۈگۈر ناھىيىسى Bügür Nahiyisi ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Бүгүр шянь
Büqür siyan		 137,327 14,182 9.68
Yuli County[12] (Lopnur) 尉犁县 Yùlí Xiàn لوپنۇر ناھىيىسى Lopnur Nahiyisi ᠯᠣᠪᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Лобнуур шянь
Lobnaγur siyan		 101,866 59,192 1.72
Ruoqiang County[12] (Charqilik) 若羌县 Ruòqiāng Xiàn چاقىلىق ناھىيىسى Chaqiliq Nahiyisi ᠴᠠᠺᠢᠯᠢᠺ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ Чакилик шянь
Čaqaliq siyan		 43,045 198,322 0.22
Qiemo County[12] (Cherchen) 且末县 Qiěmò Xiàn چەرچەن ناھىيىسى Cherchen Nahiyisi ᠴᠧᠷᠴᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Черчен шянь
Čerčen siyan		 69,236 138,665 0.50
Hejing County[12] 和静县 Héjìng Xiàn خېجىڭ ناھىيىسى Xéjing Nahiyisi ᠾᠧᠵᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Хэжин шянь
Hëǰing siyan		 147,859 34,979 4.23
Hoxud County[12] 和硕县 Héshuò Xiàn خوشۇت ناھىيىسى Xoshut Nahiyisi ᠬᠣᠱᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Хошууд шянь
Qušud siyan		 59,299 12,740 4.65
Bohu County[12] 博湖县 Bóhú Xiàn باغراش ناھىيىسى Baghrash Nahiyisi ᠪᠣᠰᠲᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Бостнуур шянь
Busdunaγur siyan		 48,288 3,593 13.44
Yanqi Hui Autonomous County 焉耆回族自治县 Yānqí Huízú Zìzhìxiàn يەنجى خۇيزۇ ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى Yenji Xuyzu Aptonom Nahiyisi ᠶᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠩ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Яньци - Хотон өөртөө засах шянь
Yanči qotong öbertegen ǰasaqu siyan		 122,961 2,429 52.62

Notable persons

See also

References
  1. 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州历史沿革 [Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2019. 2003年，巴州总面积472472.1平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，常住总人口1278486人，
  2. "巴音郭楞蒙古州2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). 28 April 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  3. The official spelling is "Bayingolin" according to 中国地名录. Beijing: SinoMaps Press (中国地图出版社). 1997. p. 300. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
  4. Phillips, Tom (2017-02-21). "China orders hundreds of thousands of private cars to have GPS trackers installed for monitoring". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-12-05. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  5. 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  6. Atwood, Christopher (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts on File. p. 39.
  7. Gardner Bovingdon (2010). "Chapter 2 - Heteronomy and Its Discontents". The Uyghurs - strangers in their own land. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14758-3.
  8. Bovingdon, Gardner (2010). "Note 9 (Chapter 2)". The Uyghurs - strangers in their own land. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14758-3.
  9. 2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料. Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. September 2003. ISBN 7-105-05425-5.
  10. Stanley W. Toops (August 2012). Susan M. Walcott; Corey Johnson (eds.). Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea. Routledge. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-1135078751.
  11. 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Chinese (China)). Xinjiang Bureau of Statistics. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  12. The official spelling according to 中国地名录. Beijing: SinoMaps Press (中国地图出版社). 1997. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
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